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EEUBEl^ YOSE'S 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD 



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PUBLISHED BY EEUBEN VOSS, 

42 CEDAR STREET. 

1859. 



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Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by 

EEUBEN VOSE, 

In the Clerk's Ofl3ce of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District 
of New York. 



MERCHANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 



I DEDICATE TO YOU 



altlj 0f tljt ®orIir ^isphph 



EEUBEN VOSE. 



REUBEN YOSE'S 

WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 



London has been a city one thousand years ; New York 
claims an existence of only two centuries. To commerce Lon- 
don is indebted for her size and for her vast wealth. Commerce 
is the great civilizer of nations, and where merchants flourish, 
there all that adds charms to social existence will be found in 
the greatest abundance. 

To compare our institutions with those of Europe, is to add to 
our admiration of those men who framed our constitution ; and 
to our veneration for Washington who won our independence. 
Union and wealth are inseparable, and no person who correctly 
estimates wealth will adopt any theory which involves the con- 
flict of nations and the loss of national wealth. 

When will the city of New York reach that point in the 
world's progress which will entitle it to claim the scepter once 
the undisputed possession of London ? 

Has New York any advantages of location which London has 
not? 

These interesting questions we propose to discuss in a series 
of articles presented in a cheap and popular form. The wealth 
of individuals will be referred to for no purpose but to show the 
correctness of our views. 

We shall endeavor to show what the commercial world once 
tvas, and what it now is. 

The institutions, the governments, the laws of the past and 
present time, will be discussed, and we shall hope to show the 
elements of progress which have already placed us in the front 
rank of nations. 

We will place our eye upon the map of the world. What are 
the commercial advantages of New York ? On this map we see 
two continents, the Eastern and the Western. To the eye they 
appear of nearly equal extent. On the Eastern Continent, far 



6 "WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

north, we see a small island, and on it is written England. The 
whole of the island lies north of the 50th degree of north lati- 
tude, and London is eight degrees north of Halifax, and four 
degrees north of Fraser's River. The northern part of Scot- 
land is as far north as Cape Farewell in Greenland. This 
island, so great in everything but size, is but little larger than 
the State of New York, and not half so large as Texas and some 
of our new States. 

We glance at the southern part of the Eastern Continent, and 
we discover an immense territory inhabited by a race of whom 
we know but little besides the fact that civilization, smce the 
world was created, has made no progress there ; and for that 
reason, one class of politicians say, that where white men can 
not live, civilization can not advance. We know that men under 
a tropical sun are born, and do die, but we know that no one has 
left a record of his life. 

What do we find when we glance the eye across to the West- 
ern Continent 1 South America, with her genial climate, her 
prolific soil, her thousand hills covered with domestic animals, 
her rivers surpassing all others, her mountains stupendous in 
height, her silver mines that for centuries poured forth a stream. 
of silver, broader and deeper than the gold currents of California 
and Australia — are before us. 

Glancing north, we see a boundless line of sea-coast. Just 
where the inland seas of the immense continent unite with the 
Atlantic Ocean, the eye rests on a place marked New York. In 
what does the position of New York differ from London and 
Paris? London and Paris are on small rivers, and the large 
ships of France, England, and the United States can not,, at all 
times, float in their waters. Venice was on the ocean, like New 
York ; Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople were not. Hun- 
dreds of places may be seen on the maps that combine the ad- 
vantages of Paris and London, Alexandria, Rome, and Constan- 
tinople, but no place compares with the city of New York. 
This city is midway between Grinnell's Land — the discovery of 
Kane, the glory of the country — and the Straits of Magellan, at 
Cape Horn. Our lakes are inland seas ; around their borders 
a population is to live in the affluence of which Europe knows 
nothing. On the Pacific Ocean is a sea-coast greater than that 
of Europe, and to this we must add the lake shores and the 
Atlantic coast. 

Is there not sublimity in this picture ? What favored place 
is to claim as its right, and without participation, the trade of the 
continent of which we have feebly drawn a sketch 1 London 
has no advantage of location over twenty other places, and must 
in obedience to the law of Nature — which decrees youth, maturity, 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 7 

and old age to nations — ultimately lose her commercial import- 
ance. Our history is but commenced. We shall number one 
hundred States. How many States can be made from Mexico, 
Central America, and South America ? These nations are our 
natural brothers ; but without paternal government, children will 
fight ; if we reject them, anarchy will soon close the history and 
the sufTerings of nations older than our own. 

Why do we constantly deplore the loss of the garden of Eden, 
when a second garden is spread in beauty before us ? As 
philosophers, and as philanthropists, not as politicians, we ask 
why we have not civilized our own family — why have we not 
Christianized Hayti, which is within two days' sail of our own 
ports ? This island seems fit to be the residence of perfect men, 
but is the abode of a race as near to nature as were Cain and 
Ham. On this island the wintry blasts never blow ; the hills 
and valleys are dressed in ever-living verdure ; the citron and 
the orange perfume the air ; birds of beauty carol a perpetual 
hymn, and man alone is vile. Why have we not civilized the 
colored inhabitants of this island ? Why have we not sent there 
every colored person to live in freedom, and to advance in civil- 
ization ? Who doubts their advance in civilization when mixed 
with white men, and aided by the institutions without which the 
white races could not advance 1 Not a missionar};- is found on 
their soil. At this moment, the wretched inhabitants of this 
island, for the want of our civilization, are burning their cities 
and destroying each other ; and these occupations for years have 
reduced the whole race below their former condition. To this 
island we are bound by an ancient tie. Without the aid of Spir- 
itualism, we can hear Columbus uttering indignant rebukes 
against us for our omission to raise a monument on the soil first 
trod by the discoverer of a Western world. 

If this island is not desirous of securing our alliance, another 
island is. Are not the owners of the soil begging us to extend 
our arms, and adopt Cuba in the family of nations ? To do so, 
is to quadruple the value of their soil, and to double the value 
of half the products of the island. Her mild climate and her 
health-giving fruits will banish half the suff'erings of the human 
family. We can step on board a steamboat in Florida in the 
morning, and breakfast with the Governor of Cuba the following 
morning. 

Why did we purchase Louisiana and Florida? Have not the 
Southern States, and the West India Islands, and the Mexican 
States, elements of natural wealth, the products for export, and 
the mines of silver, which the New England States have not 1 
Who, besides politicians, need care whether we produce 3,500,- 
000 bales of cotton by the labor of one race or the other ? Who 



8 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

will object — who has a right to object — to our importing from 
Europe such laborers as will enable us to produce 7,000,000 
of bales ? Can it be proved, as asserted by politicians, that if a 
native of Europe shall pass three successive days and nights in 
the cotton-fields of the low districts of the South in the summer 
months, death is certain 1 The burning sun of noon, and the 
deadly malaria of the night, they contend, are harmless to some 
men, who can there eat, sleep, and propagate their race 1 These 
politicians assert, that he who believes in a Divine Providence, 
here sees the wisdom that made lands for the possession of one 
race to the exclusion of all others. Shall this question be settled 
by fair experiment, or shall it be an open question for the dis- 
cussion of politicians forever? Can Europeans cultivate the soil 
of the Southern States ? Have we the right to extend our bounds 
till we transform the whole Western Continent into " United 
States ?" Who knows, who cares how extended the fields of 
agriculture and the blessings of commerce may be ? Can any 
questions be more interesting to Americans than those on which 
our Union are suspended 1 

In 1784 there were shipped from Charleston, S. C, seventy- 
one bales of cotton, which were seized in England on the grounds 
of the impossibility of so large a quantity being produced in one 
State. Can it be true, as sometimes asserted, that no more than 
seventy-one bales would now be produced by the same men who 
construct our railroads ? We ask for discussion. 

During the Colonial government, we could not trade with 
China. Our first cargo of tea was imported in 1783. In this 
trade, Mr. J. J. Astor laid the foundation of his immense fortune. 
The profits on tea and fur were so judiciously invested, that 
$100,000,000 will be their product within one centiiry from the 
opening of the China trade. Should commerce be extended ? 

The value of 3,500,000 bales, the present crop, at $50 per bale, 
is $175,000,000. Cotton in past times has been sold for about 
one third of the present price. If the value should advance to 
twice its present price, and twice the present quantity should be 
required — and it certainly will, one party asserts — how is it to 
be produced 1 The raising of cotton is so profitable, that a com- 
pany with $4,000,000 capital has recently been formed in Eng- 
land, Spain, and Havana, to raise cotton in Cuba. How are we 
to increa-;e the quantity in the Southern States ? Two entirely 
different answers are given to these questions. Operatives can 
be imported from Europe to manufacture in New England twice 
the quantity of manufactured goods now produced. Can we not, 
the other party asks, by the same population increase the raw 
material ? If we can double our cotton, the amount produced 
win be worth $350,000,000, and will pay for all our importations. 



WEAiTH OF THE WOELD. » 

The tobacco, rice, flour, and provisions that Europe demands, 
must b^^ paid to us in specie. 

Why is it that m Poland a man works all day with his team 
for one shilling, and without his team for fourpence, while in 
England he is paid two shillings ; and in some of our States one 
dollar will not tempt either a colored or a white man to work 
nine hours 1 A labormg man will work in Egypt for one penny ; 
and in 1495, and before the settlement of this country, he re- 
ceived in England only threepence halfpenny. 

A member of the British Parliament recently stated that a 
white man could not perform three hours' labor at mid-day under 
a tropical sun ; and that no colored man would labor all day for 
one dollar, when twenty cents would purchase all he required. 
Who pretends that these are true ? 

The soil of this continent is capable of producing ten bales 
for every one now produced. What will be our wealth if we 
can retain the soil for free labor ? If a bale of cotton weigh 500 
pounds and cost four dollars per hundred, and if it sell for twelve 
dollars per hundred, it will give^ eight dollars profit; and on 
7,000,000 bales there is a commercial and national gain every 
year of 280,000,000 of dollars. Has any nation on the globe a 
product of equal value ? What are gold mines when compared 
with cotton-fields ? All of South America is fit for a cotton-field, 
but the inhabitants will not work ; their exports, like those of 
Hayti, Mexico, and the English West Indies, are constaotlj/ 
lessening. Our fleet is now on the way to teach South America 
that commerce demands that they shall open their ports, and 
that they survey their coasts. If they refuse to do these, we 
shall perform them for our own interests. Decatur annihilated 
the piratical states on the Mediterranean, and Perry has spoken 
in intelligible language to Japan. 

The mouth of the Amazon is one hundred and fifty miles widef 
and on its waters ships of all sizes — not excepting the iron-castle 
called the Great Eastern — -may float far toward the Pacific Ocean, 
and visit cities of great wealth. Near the summit of the Rocky 
Mountains, within our borders, scarcely yet the abode of white 
men, the canoe of the Indian may take its departure, and on the 
tranquil surface of the gentle stream the vestige of other days 
may float securely to the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of nearly 
five thousand miles ! In what country in Europe is such a river 
found? Are there in Europe any inland seas connected by a 
Niagara River ? Has London within one day's travel a landscape 
called Niagara Falls ? We will return to our map. 

The most remarkable feature of America is the Basin of the 
Mississippi. As yet the popular mind does not clearly compre- 
hend its dimensions, and the understanding of its physical char- 

1* 



10 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

acteristics is indistinct and vague. It is bisected through its 
center by an artery, which above St. Louis has received the 
name of the Missouri, and below, the Mississippi River. This 
is 5,000 miles in length, and its surface a continuous inclined 
plane, descending seven inches in the mile. Into this central 
arter}' descend innumerable rivers coming from the great moun- 
tain chains of the continent. All of the immense area thus 
drained forms a single basin, of which the mountains form the 
rim. It may also be called an amphitheater, embracing 1,123,100 
miles of surface. This has been, during the antediluvian ages, 
the bed of a great ocean, such as is now the Gulf of Mexico or 
the Mediterranean, above the surface of which the mountains 
protruded themselves as islands. Gradually tilled up by the 
filtration of the water during countless ages, it has reached its 
present altitude above the other basins, over which the oceans 
now still roll and into which the waters have retired. The 
" Basin of the Mississippi" is, then, a pavement many thousand 
feet in depth, formed by the sediment of the superincumbent 
water, deposited strata upon strata, compressed by its weight 
and crystallized into rock by its chemical fermentation and press- 
ure. It is a homogeneous, undulating plain of the secondary 
or sedim.entary formation, surmounted by a covering of soil from 
which springs the vegetation. Through this coating of soil and 
into the soft surface strata of rock the descending fresh waters 
burrow their channels, converging everywhere from the rim to 
the lowest level and pass out to the sea. In this system, which 
is the same as the circulation of the blood in animal life, the 
Missouri River and the minutest rill that flows from a garden 
fountain has each its specific and conspicuous place. 

Such is this vast basin whose diameter is 2,500 miles, and 
so simple and clear is the system of its geology and its waters ! 
The vegetation and climate have the same order of arrangement 
more varied. These vary with the latitude, the distance from 
the oceans, and with the altitude. The site of New York city 
is upon the bank of the sea, and is constantly irrigated by the 
evaporation coming from it ; it is in latitude 41*^ 30' north. 
The plain of the South Pass is 2,000 miles from the sea, is 
elevated 7,500 feet above it, has no vapors from the sea, 
but an atmosphere rainless and without dew ; it is in latitude 
42° 30' north. Such are the contrasts m the elements affecting 
climate and vegetation. Through the interval between these 
two extremes Nature changes, from one to the other, by a grad- 
uation so delicate and uniform as to be scarcely sensible to a 
traveler who goes less than the whole distance. Yet to one 
who does so, these changes are as palpable upon the face of Na- 
ture as are the diurnal alternations of light and darkness. The 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 11 

timber, the flora, and the grasses indicate the presence and 
absence of atmospheric irrigation as palpably as the sun indicates 
the day and the stars the night. All that portion of the Missis- 
sippi Basin lying between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic 
is densely timbered, excepting only a portion of Indiana, Illinois, 
and Wisconsin ; so also are the States of Louisiana, Arkansas, 
and South Missouri. An irregular line from the head of Lake 
Erie, running toward the south and west into Texas, defines 
the cessation of the timber. Between this line and the sea exists 
a continuous forest region, perpetually moistened by showers 
from the ocean. Beyond this line, and deeper into the continent, 
the upland ceases to nourish timber, which is replaced by luxu- 
riant annual grasses, though narrow lines of forest continue upon 
the saturated bottoms of the rivers and in the islands. This is 
the Prairie region of luxuriant grasses, and soft, arable soil, over 
which the fires annually sweep after the decay of vegetation. The 
termination of this belt is marked by an irregular line parallel to 
the first, where the rains cease and the timber entirely disappears. 
It is about four hundred and fii'ty miles in width, and within it 
artificial irrigation is not necessary. To this succeeds the im- 
mense rainless region onward to the mountains, exclusively 
pastoral, of a compact soil, coated with the dwarf buffalo grass, 
w^ithout trees, and the abode of the aboriginal cattle. That no 
desert does or can exist within this basin, is manifest from the 
abundance and magnitude of the rivers, the uniform calcareous 
formation, the absence of a tropical sun, its longitudinal position 
across the temperate zone, and the greatness and altitude of the 
mountains on its western rim. The river system of the Missis- 
sippi Basin resembles a fan of palm-leaf. The stem in the State 
of Louisiana rests in the Gulf ; above, the affluent rivers con- 
verge to it from all parts of the compass. From the east come 
in the Homochitto, the Yazoo, the Ohio, the Illinois, and the 
Upper Mississippi. From the west, the Red River, the Washita, 
the Arkansas, the White, St. Francis, and Osage rivers, the 
Kansas, the Triple Platte, the L'eau qui Cours, and the Yellow- 
stone, all navigable rivers of great length and importance. 
These rivers present a continuous navigable channel of twenty- 
two thousand five hundred miles, having forty-five thousand miles 
of shore, an amount of navigation and coast equal to the Atlantic 
Ocean. 

The area of the Mississippi Basin classifies itself into one and 
a half fifths of compactly growing forest, the same of prairie, and 
two fifths of great plains. Through all of these the river system 
is ramified as minutely complex as are the veins and arteries of 
the human system. 

The population is at present twelve millions. The capacity 



12 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

for population is indefinite. Comparison will illustrate this in- 
teresting fact. Society erects itself into empires in order to 
arrive at strength, civilization, and permanence. The most per- 
fect example is the empire of the Romans, whose history we 
possess. Rome flourished, not by commerce and the arts of 
peace, but by war and conquest. Her genius was unsurpassed, 
but the great discovery was not then made, that peace and com- 
merce were the true elements of national greatness. Since their 
discovery, a new era has dawned upon the world. 

Cicero lost his life in an attempt to elevate the civil above the 
military power ; he was the victim of a conspiracy to destroy 
the Republic. He died to save the Union. We hope no such 
sacrifice will again be required ; but if conflict must come, evi- 
dence will not be wanting in the second republic that patriotism 
is yet a national sentiment even in this degenerate age. Why 
is this age in advance of the highest civilization of the Grecian 
and Roman age ? In the fourth century, there was a dense 
population and hundreds of churches on the southern borders of 
the Mediterranean. Where are their descendants ? At the close 
of the eighteenth century, the same soil was the abode of nu- 
merous piratical nations ; and, till vanquished by our own navy, 
these pirates reduced to slavery every white man they captured. 
To the middle of the last century the Turks made slaves of all 
the white males and females who were captured or wrecked on 
their shores. The Turks at this time hold all the places con- 
secrated by our religion and desecrated by theirs. All the events 
recorded in the Bible were revealed to the world in Asia, and 
to settle the right to hold these places thus consecrated, was the 
object of the Russian war. The Catholics had possession of 
Asia six centuries before the Turks started into national exist- 
ence. At this time not a nation in Asia is either Protestant or 
Catholic. On the southern borders of the Mediterranean, 
where science and religion promised to go hand in hand, eleva- 
ting and civilizing, the Arab now roams the undisputed sovereign 
of the soil. The empire which once embraced more than half 
the world has disappeared, and the Bedouin wanders over the 
deserts as free, but less civilized, than when Mahommed claimed 
to be the savior of the world. The language once spoken along 
the southern shores of the Mediterranean, and across the con- 
tinent to the Indian Ocean, is lo.st, and a dozen jargons have 
taken its place. Darkness has settled on Africa, where once 
the light of learning illumined and blessed. The languages of 
the Bible, the language of the Koran, and the language of the 
" Arabian Nights' Entertainment" are equally unintelligible. 
Not a printing-press is this day to be found in the Arabian 
peninsula, once the abode of half the learning of the world. 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 13 

In Spain, Christian as she is, and once the head of the In- 
quisition which was to Christianize the world, the retroaction is 
sickening to the heart. A death-like torpor has succeeded to 
her former intellectual activity. Her cities are deserted, and 
solitude reigns where once the Saracens and IVloors exchanged 
with India the rich products of half the world. Superstition has 
banished science. Her skies are as fair, but her fields no longer 
bloom with the rich husbandry of former days. Her most inter- 
esting monuments are her oldest mementoes ; the Moors left more 
than the Christians ; and the traveler, as he wanders amid the 
ruins, reluctantly admits that perpetual civilization is not the 
birthright of early nations. 

One class of politicians tell us that all men were originally 
equal in intellect ; and the diversity of races is to be referred to 
the sun's rays in a tropical climate ; but intellect can, they 
assert, be restored by agencies which they can control. In their 
estimation, the Indian, the Asiatic, the Moor, and the Arabian 
are descendants of a common parent, and are white men in all 
but the skin. We hope their theory is correct. Another class 
of writers assure us that a race intellectually inferior to that 
which now claims our highest civilization obtained possession 
of the soil. These writers say the Arab and the dusky races 
never comprehended the sublime idea that one God, one country, 
one wife, and one religion would elevate and civilize ; and that 
without these elements civilization may for a time advance, but 
can not reach its ultimate destination. This class of writers 
assure us that the world left practical teachings — learning and 
science, the laws of nature and the laws of justice — to speculate 
in ignorance and superstition on the dogmas invented by man, 
and not revealed by a beneficent Creator. They ask whyjRome 
and her colonies two thousand years ago occupied the shores of 
the Mediterranean to an extent of 1,160,000 square miles, when 
in succeeding ages all vestiges of Roman and Carthaginian civ- 
ilization, and the languages they used, have disappeared 1 
Were ignorance and superstition accountable for the retroaction 
of civilization ? Why did it recede for one thousand years 1 
The shores of the Mediterranean were like the garden of Eden ; 
every breeze wafted fragrance, and every flower grew sponta- 
neously. These nations built cities, and roamed over a soil of un- 
surpassed fertility ; but civilization, self-sustaining civilization, 
one class of writers believe, is the reward of one race alone ; 
and that race was not there. Nearly all that remained of civili- 
zation was on the western shores of Europe. Asia did not, 
and does not now, claim any hiyh civilization, and never will. 
Missionaries can do but little for such races as recently settled 
like locusts on the rich districts of California. Western Europe 



14: WEAI.TH OF THE WORLD. 

in the fifteenth century was the cradle of a new civilization. 
Starting from her shores, it has rolled West, and will speed 
onward, till, with the rising sun in the East, it proclaims a new 
life, to advance forever, and regenerate Asia and the world. 

The Roman Empire under the Antonines contained a popu- 
lation of 131,000,000 inhabitants ; and Rome itself, in the geo- 
graphical center, had a diameter of 50 miles, and a population 
of 10,000,000 of citizens. Freedom, boundless freedom, was the 
boast of the Republic. This was not enough ; all wanted office 
and power. Civil war was her destruction. Each of the two 
great leaders of the two great parties — the democrats and the 
republicans of those times — claimed to be the only safe deposi- 
tories of the power, the wealth, and the honors that should have 
been the rewards of the virtuous of all parties. The judges, 
however pure, could not be elected without the aid of demago- 
gues, and when elected, they too often reflected, in their decisions, 
the sentiments of those to whom they were indebted. All the 
judges were of one party, and justice was not uniformly dispen- 
sed. Cicero had arraigned before a corrupt court the wealthy 
Verres. The hope of Verres was the influence of the judges 
whom he had bribed. To meet and counteract this venality of 
the judges was the point to which all his talents were directed. 
He began in the following style : " The opportunity so much 
desired by the nation — the opportunity of showing the independ- 
ence of the judiciary, is now your privilege, O judges ! This is 
an auspicious moment for the Republic ! An opinion unfavorable 
to the stability of the nation has been entertained at Rome, and 
in other countries. It has been asserted that no rich man can 
be convicted in any court, however guilty he may be. At a 
moment so critical, when men without honor are by harangues, 
and by enlisting prejudices against our institutions, inflaming 
the people, Caius Verres is brought to trial. The deeds of 
Verres have convicted him in the eyes of honest men. With 
all his guilt, does he not already laoast that his wealth has 
triumphed 1 I have appeared against Verres to lessen the odium 
attached to your order, O judges ! and by convicting the guilty, 
I shall free you from censure. Justice is the glory of the Re- 
public ; over this forum presides the goddess, and her scales are 
ever in our view. When our courts are venal, Rome and justice 
will be known no more. Why should I thus address this 
court? I know integrity springs spontaneously from the Roman 
heart. Integrity, binding faith, religion, patriotism, all, all speak 
in your praise, and recommend you to the gratitude of the Roman 
Republic." At the close he added : " Wealth should turn to 
dross when touched by the hand of guilt. To the gods, O judges, 
we commend you ; their smiles, and the approval of your own 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 15 

consciences, will bestow peace through all time, and attend you 
in other spheres." 

From the time of Cicero, and for fifteen centuries, no lawyer 
appeared ; darkness settled like a pall upon the nations ; the 
lamp of learning went out ; science was buried in superstition. 
Rome in her best days was too free, too prosperous ; the vir- 
tuous, and her best men, commanded no respect. Demagogues 
obtained all the offices — there were no other aspirants ; and 
patriots like Cato preferred exile, and death itself, to ignominious 
servitude. Wealth had brought luxury, luxury vice. Each 
party in turn was the advocate of freedom, the advocate of the 
slave ; when elevated to power each party, and each leader, 
crowded the white slaves to the earth. Each party in turn was 
the advocate of the people, and loudly clamored for the agrarian 
law ; when once in power they passed laws giving to their own 
party leaders all the rich lands of the Republic ; and with them 
were often included the lands of individuals who were so for- 
tunate as to be large owners of the soil, and so unfortunate as to 
be unpopular with the ruling party. Rome, the first Republic, 
fell! Fortunately, our judges are not Roman judges. We 
digress — the map is before us. 

The equivalent with us to the European resources are a pro- 
ductive soil — a united people — the climate of the tropics and the 
poles — science and learning never equaled — a pure judiciary — 
a commerce that whitens every sea — and entire freedom from 
the ancient superstitions that nearly destroyed European civili- 
zation. The monks of the dark ages taught that there was but 
one world, and that the Pope, by a supernatural dispensation, 
stood in the place of the Deity. AH the mythology of the early 
nations was based on these two assumptions ; and mankind were 
saturated with the belief in supernatural beings ; no mythology 
was too extravagant to find worshipers. In their mythology 
the heavens moved, and not the earth. The stars were sus- 
pended over them for no more valuable purpose than our modern 
gaslights. A class of men, stigmatized as philosophers, have 
always doubted this doctrine, but the discoveries of geology and 
astronomy have satisfied all reflecting men that innumerable 
worlds are, with our own, the creation and the special care of 
the Creator. The leading idea of the nebular doctrine is, that 
the Milky Way is composed of 100,000,000 or more of unfinished 
worlds, all in a growing condition. This number is the estimate 
of Professor Mitchell. They are to worlds, and systems of 
worlds, as the acorn of the oak. This theory, but recently started, 
has met with the same opposition from one class that the dis- 
coveries of science have always had to encounter. Professor 
Pierce, of Cambridge, the first mathematician in this country — - 



16 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

perhaps of Europe — gave in his adhesion to this theory at one 
of the recent meetings of the American Scientific Society. Pro- 
fessor Mitchell in his recent lecture, in this city, used the fol- 
lowing language : " Many will be startled when they hear me 
say to-night, that the celebrated nebular hypothesis may after all 
be the correct one." Professor Mitchell knows it is the " cor- 
rect one," for science can conjecture no other ; and he has at 
last acquired courage to announce his honest belief. Did he not 
oppose it? These worlds, seen by the naked eye, will be mul- 
tiplied by Divine Wisdom indefinitely ; and they will revolve 
till time, and space, and man, and all created things, and Divinity 
Itself, shall be no more. Science is the golden chain that con- 
nects man with the Deity ; its divine mission is to dispel the 
superstition under which monks buried religion. Superstition 
is the vail that shrouds the heart from the sunlight of heaven. 
The mission of science is to enlighten mankind ; those who 
worship in her temples' worship not the unknoivn, but the known 
God — the Creator and Preserver of all the worlds. We hope 
some liberal Pope will invent a mythology better suited to the 
intelligence of this age, than was invented by his predecessors 
on the papal throne in the third century. The mythology of a 
country is its passport to civilization ; and more than one country 
has been the victim of errors that science and increased know- 
ledge will dispel. Those who have faith in our ability to rise 
above the early superstition will hail with pleasure the follow- 
ing extract of Lord Derby's speech in the House of Lords, Feb- 
ruary 3, 1859: 

" The state of Italy is one of constant peril to the peace of 
Europe. It may be regarded as a slumbering volcano, ready at 
any moment for an unavoidable explosion. The spot whence 
the discontent arose was the territory under the temporal sway 
of a spiritual power. The spirit of resistance has risen to such 
height, that it is evident to all the world that if the popular 
feeling were not kept down by the presence of two foreign 
armies, all the respect, all the veneration for the Sovereign Pon- 
tifT would not uphold his tottering throne one month." 

One class of writers assure us that the laws of nature and the 
laws of the Creator are immutable ; and he who believes that 
they can be changed, or that they can be suspended, is not a 
philosopher, but is an ascetic. The foundation of Spiritualism, 
Mormonism, Millerism, witchcraft, astrology, and all the heter- 
doxies of the past and present day, is the idea of supernatural 
ageYicies. So recently as the age of our best poets, to disbelieve 
in the power of a witch to destroy the life of an unseen person 
was to expose the unbeliever to the charge of infidelity. The 
biographer of Fairfax the poet says (page 13), that Fairfax did 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 17 

not believe in witchcraft, but to avoid the charge of atheism he 
allowed himself to be regarded as one of the faithful and a be- 
liever in spirits, or supernatural agencies. 

Sir Walter Scott says, in Demonology, that the persecution 
of Quakers and witches was to be attributed to the prevalent 
idea of supernatural beings, who were supposed to be present in 
the shape of devils or witches, and sometimes in the guise of 
Quakers. Some of the infernal spirits were supposed to be 
chained in the burning regions, and others were believed to have 
escaped from below, bringing with them the smell of sulphur. 
'The faithful saw Beelzebub in witches, in Quakers, and iu here- 
tics ; and under some charge, untold numbers of men, women, 
and children were executed. For a sketch of this mania, by 
which 100,000 persons are supposed to have lost their lives in 
Europe, read the New Lawyer (page 419). 

It is difficult in this age to believe that the following extract 
is a part of a law made by our forefathers, so recently as the 
time of Shakspeare : 

" First — If any person shall use any conjuration of any evil or 
wicked spirit ; second — If he or she shall consult, covenant with, 
entertain, employ, feed, or reward any evil or accursed spirit, to 
or for any intent or purpose ; third — If he or she shall take up 
any dead man, woman, or child out of the grave, or the skin, 
bone, or any part of the dead person, to be employed or used in 
any manner of witchcraft, sorcery, charm, or incantation ; fourth 
— If he shall use or practice any sort of witchcraft, sorcery, charm, 
or enchantment ; fifth — Any act whereby a person shall be destroy- 
ed, killed, wasted, consumed, pained, lamed in any part of his 
body ; every such person being convicted, shall suflfer death." 

The eminent Judge Hale believed, or was compelled to say 
that he believed, in this horrible delusion, and he sent his vic- 
tims, on one day's notice, to another world. 

This delusion found a congenial soil among the early Puri- 
tans of New England, and Massachusetts and Connecticut hung, 
drowned, and pressed to death Quakers and witches without 
mercy. 

What mythology will carry us back to the age of agitation, 
persecution, and horrid deaths ? Whatever it may be, the only 
antidote to such inflictions is the study of science, and the gen- 
eral diffusion of the works of scientific men. 

Philosophers assert that no supernatural event ever happened, 
and that none can ever happen. The ascetic assures us that 
they occur at his bidding. The philosopher assures us that to 
interfere with the laws of nature would spread destruction over 
a darkened world. He asserts that the laws of nature — the laws 
of God — are better than the whims of men. He assures us 



18 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

that when science has had its perfect work, and enlightened the 
world, no believer in spiritual agencies will be found. Spirit- 
ualism, Morraonism, witchcraft, astrology, and spooks will fall to 
their proper level : the wars about words, and excited bj' monks, 
will afflict the world and destroy our race no more. Ignorance 
and superstition have in other nations made war the natural con- 
dition of man, and peace, for short intervals, was an exception to 
the law. Immense armies, for fourteen centuries, rushed to the 
battle-fields with deadly weapons in their hands and deadly ha- 
tred in their hearts, and the streams of blood ceased to flow only 
when one party was destroyed. Have the revelations of sci- 
ence ever involved the world in deadly conflicts ? 

Why were not the discoveries of Fulton, Jackson and Mor- 
ton, Morse and Field, made when ignorance was universal and 
when all the discoveries of science were denounced as infidelity 
in disguise ? Has not science bound all the world in common 
union and common blessings 1 

Galileo was in the Inquisition; if we ever recede to the age 
of superstition, we shall build a prison for Jackson and Morton, 
Morse and Field. Astor and Cooper will be admonished to close 
the seminaries that have diff'used free discussion. Hoe and 
Adams will not be allowed to sell the printing-presses for the 
wicked " purpose of diffusing science among men." Has not 
science displayed to the world laws not made by man, but were 
made eternal, in the heavens 1 

Under these laws, and under the revelations of science, the 
nation is now progressing as no nation under other laws could 
progress, and this progress we believe will be continued forever. 
At the close of this century our population will be greater than 
that of any European nation, and within the lifetime of those 
now with us we shall have a population of one hundred and fifty 
millions. 

When Junius wrote his letters, England contained only seven 
million inhabitants. New York and Pennsylvania now contain 
nearly or quite as many. 

In fifteen hundred years France doubled her population but 
twice. In the second century her population was five millions, 
and in the seventeenth century (1650) it was only twenty mil- 
lions. In seventy-five years we have doubled our population four 
times. In 1830, Algiers became a French province ; although 
near to its parent country, and with the soil and climate of sur- 
passing excellence, it had but 125,000 Europeans in 1837. The 
State of Wisconsin, in ten years, gained 900,000 inhabitants, 
starting from fifty State and United States oftlcials. 

In this country we look with indifference on the conflicts of 
European armies. No emperor here drops a word by which 



WEALTH OF THE "WORLD. 19 

millions of dollars are dashed from the value of stocks. We are 
blessed with a Constitution that will carry forward the whole 
country, as long as a respect for our institutions, and for the men 
who are placed over them, shall be a living sentiment. Wealth 
and commerce are our theme ; are they not the right arm of na- 
tional defense ? 

New countries are opening their ports. When we have 
reached the Pacific Ocean by half a dozen railroads, and by the 
Isthmus Canal, we will step from the Sandwich Islands to the 
Asiatic shore. The chimes that proclaim our advance will be 
the knell of those forsaken nations, always fighting with each 
other, and now reduced to slavery by the European powers. 
Australia is already filled with our own countrymen, or with 
men who use our language, and of that continent we will make 
a dozen States. 

Asiatics, like our Indians and the natives of the Sandwich 
Islands, dwindle when in contact with more civilized races. We 
will now place our eye on the map of the United States. How 
many white men can live in independence here ? The Basin of 
the Mississippi will easily sustain ten times the population of 
Rome and her colonies, or 1,310,000,000 of inhabitants ; but 
these are not our bounds. If our view be extended to the Arc- 
tic Sea and the two maritime fronts ; and if the mountain forma- 
tion be added, and the whole compared to Europe and Asia, 
3,000,000,000 will easily find room — a population double the 
existing human race ! The basin is all within the temperate 
zone ; but upon the shores of the Gulf, at the level of the sea, 
tropical fruits, flowers, and vegetation are produced. On the high 
mountain slopes grows the vegetation of the Arctic zone. Be- 
tween these are found every kind of agricultural production, as 
we descend from the extremes to the central medium. In posi- 
tion it is exactly central to the continent. Not far remote from 
the west bank of the Missouri River, in the bosom of romantic 
scenery and fertile prairie, is a spot where the Smoky Hill and 
Republican rivers form the Kansas. This is the geographical 
center at once of the North American continent, and of the Basin 
of the Mississippi. The circle described from the center with 
a radius to San Francisco will pass through Vancouver, on the 
Columbia, the port of Severn River, on Hudson's Bay, through 
Quebec, through Boston, through Havana, Vera Cruz, and the 
city of Mexico. With a radius to the 49ih degree, a circle will 
pass through Mobile, New Orleans, and Matagorda. This spot 
IS therefore the geographical center of the North American 
continent and of the Basin of the Mississ ppi, both at once. It 
is also equally the center of the American Union, as it is now 
blocked out into existing States and into prospective States, to 



20 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

occupy sites in the now existing Territories ! Moreover, it is 
equidistant from, and exactly in, the middle between the two 
halves of the human family, distinctly concentrated ; the one 
half Christians, occupying Western Europe, to the number of 
259,000,000 of population ; the other half Pagans, occupying 
Oriental Asia and Polynesia, to the number of 650,000,000 ! 
Europe has all the outlets of its inland seas and rivers toward 
the West, debouching on to our Atlantic front, toward which its 
whole surface slopes. Asia similarly presents to our Pacific 
front an Oriental slope, containing her great rivers, the densest 
masses of her population, and detached islands of great area, 
dense population, and infinite production. The distance from 
the European to tne Asiatic shores (from Paris to Pekin), trav- 
eling straight by the continuous river line of the Potomac, Ohio, 
Missouri, Platte, and Snake rivers, and across the two oceans, 
is only ten thousand geographic miles. This straight line is the 
axis of that temperate zone of the northern hemisphere of the 
globe, thirty-three degrees in width, which contains lour fifths of 
the land, nine tenths of the people, and all the white races and 
commercial activity and industry of the civilized world. When, 
therefore, this interval of North America shall be filled up, the 
affiliation of mankind will be accomplished, proximity recog- 
nized, the distraction of intervening oceans and equatorial heats 
cease, the remotest nations be grouped together and fused into 
one universal system. 

Such are some of the extraordinar}^ attractions presented to 
mankind by the position of the Mississippi Basin. There is 
another prospective view : this presents itself in contrasting the 
physical configuration of North America with the other conti- 
nents 

Europe, the smallest in area of the continents, culminates in 
its center into the icy masses of th^ Alps. From the glaciers, 
where all the great rivers have their sources, they descend the 
declivities and radiate to the different seas. The Danube flows 
directly east to the Pontic Sea ; the Po, to the Adriatic ; the 
Rhone, to the Sea of Lyons ; the Rhine, north to the German 
Sea. Walled off by the Pyrenean and Carpathian mountains, 
divergent and isolated, are the Tagus, ttie Elbe, and other single 
rivers, affluents of the Baltic, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, 
and the Pontic seas. Descending from common radiant points, 
and diverging every way from one another, no intercommunica- 
tion exists among the rivers of Europe toward their sources ; 
navigation is petty and feeble ; art and commerce have never, 
during thirty centuries, united so many small valleys remotely 
isolated by impenetrable barriers. Hence upon each river 
dwells a distinct people, differing from all the rest in race, Ian- 



WEALTH or THE WORLD. 21 

guage, religion, interests, and habits. Though often politically 
amalgamated by conquest, they again relapse into fragments 
from innate geographical incoherence. Religious creeds and 
diplomacy form no more enduring bond. The history of these 
nations is a story of perpetual war, of mutual extermination : an 
appalling catalogue of a few splendid tyrannies crushing millions 
of serfs. 

Superstition without religion, hatred engendered where love 
and the worship of one God should cement all in mutual bonds, 
have, on the Eastern Continent, been the history of all past time. 
Have these nations the elements of progress which will enable 
them to follow us in our career of national greatness ? 

Asia is but half civilized, and Africa adds nothing to the 
wealth of man : she is a mystery to philosophers. For what 
end were untold millions to live and die ? Have not the ene- 
mies of Africa shut her out from all the humanizing influences, 
without which no race ever made any progress in civilization ? 
Why have we not done something for the blacks, and made com- 
merce, the element of colored civilization as well as our own 1 
A college in New York, has recently refused to admit a copper- 
colored student ! 

In what State have the rights of the colored races been more 
clamorously advanced than in the State of New York? Are 
politicians the men to be trusted with the great philanthropic 
enterprises of the day 1 Can we, or can we not, so far civilize 
Africa as to make agriculturists and customers of all the resi- 
dents on her prolific soil? 

What would be the product of 200,000,000 of men, each tak- 
ing from us ten dollars annually in manufactured goods, and 
paying us $2,000,000,000 in gold-dust, hides, palm-oil, ivory, cot- 
ton, coffee, tobacco, and every fruit that grows from the earth ? 
Africa produces them all. When blessed with our civilization, 
they will patiently labor, and will enjoy its rich rewards. I'heir 
own soil may be made our most profitable fields for cultivation, 
if one class of writers are to be believed. 

Every thirty years 200,000,000 of accountable beings pass to 
their account. Like falling leaves they mix with earth, and not 
a tear ever drops on the soil that covers them. Is sympathy in 
the right channel to advance African civilization ? 

A writer of the fourteenth century indulged in the pleasing 
dream that Africa was to be civilized by some nation then un- 
born. Nature's children were to be led to fertile fields where 
the rose and the magnolia shed their fragrance, and where 
tropical suns would not forever dwarf the intellect. One centu- 
ry after this dream America was discovered. Is it yet a dream ? 
Has, or has not, a mode of civilizing the colored races been dis- 



22 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

covered ? If to bestow intellect where instinct predominates ; 
if to raise, civilize, and Christianize man, who is made in the 
image of the Creator, be a Christian virtue, why should we be 
indifferent to the condition of 200,000,000 of our race ? 

While politicians are discussing preliminaries, millions are 
dropping by the way ; the colored races are making no advances 
in the civilization that carries Christianity, and the blessings 
which follow in its train. Is not our accountability increased, 
and increasing with our wealth ? But writing sermons is not 
our profession. We resume our map. 

Two worlds of equal extent on the Eastern Continent, both 
nearly valueless for commerce, are balanced on the Western 
Continent by worlds of fertility, and are filled with intelligence 
and virtue. In place of African deserts, we have miles of gold. 
In place of mere animal life, we have the intellect that elevates 
and ennobles. We will continue the comparison of the two 
hemispheres. 

From the stupendous central barrier of the Himalayas run the 
four great rivers of China, due east, to discharge themselves un- 
der the rising sun ; toward the south run the rivers of Cochin 
China, the Ganges, and the Indus ; toward the west, the rivers 
of the Caspian ; and north, through Siberia to the Arctic Sea, 
many rivers of the first magnitude. During fifty centuries, as 
now, the Alps and Himalaya Mountains have proved insuperable 
barriers to the amalgamation of the nations around their bases 
and dwelling in the valleys that radiate from their slopes. 

In contrast, the interior of North America presents an ex- 
panded bowl, to receive whatsoever enters within its rim — each 
of the other continents presenting a bowl reversed, scatter 
everything from a central apex into radiant circles. Political 
societies and empires have in all ages conformed themseives 
to these geographical facts. This democratic republican em- 
pire of North America is predestined to expand and fit itself to 
the continent ; to control the oceans on either hand, and event- 
ually the continents beyond them. iMuch is uncertain, yet 
through all the vicissitudes of the future this much of eternal 
truth is discernible. In geography the antithesis of the Old 
World, in society we are and sha 1 be the reverse. Our North 
America will rapidly accumulate a population equaling that of 
the rest of the world combined ; a people one and indivisible, 
identical in manners, language, customs, and impulses ; pre- 
serving the same civilization, the same religion ; imbued with 
the same opinions, and having the same political liberties. Of 
this we have two illustrations now under our eye — the one pass- 
ing away, the other advancing. The aboriginal Indian race, 
among whom, from Darien to the Esquimaux, and from Florida 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 23 

to Vancouver's Island, exists a perfect identity in hair, complex- 
ion, features, religion, stature, and language ; and, second, in the 
fusion into one language and into one new race of immigrant 
Germans, English, Norwegians, Celts, and Italians, whose indi- 
vidualities are obliterated in a single generation. 

Thus the political storms that periodically rage are but the 
clouds and sunshine that give variety to the atmosphere and 
checker our history as we march. The possession of the Basin 
of the Mississippi, thus held by the American people, is a 
crowning mercy. Viewed alone in its position and capacity 
among the continents and the nations ; viewed also as the part 
of the great calcareous plain formed of the basins of the Missis- 
sippi, St. Lawrence, Hudson's Bay, and Mackenzie, the amphi- 
theater of the world — here is, indeed, the most magnificent 
dwelling-place marked out by God for man's abode. 

Behold, then, rising now and in the future, the empire which 
industry and self-government create. The growth of half a 
century, hewed out of the wilderness — its weapons, the axe and 
plow-; its tactics, labor and energy ; its soldiers, free and equal 
citizens. In place of the serfs* of Russia, we have the work- 
ing-men of all nations to cultivate our prolific soil and harvest 
our crops of gold. 

We see that Russia yet has her 10,000,000 of white slaves, 
and Turkey nearly as many more. Both nations import them 
from Circassia, now a conquered province. Among their slaves 
are white girls of surpassing beauty. One line inserted in the 
treaties recently made by France and England with Turkey and 
Russia, would have ended white slavery forever. Neither France 
nor England asked to insert this line. England pays five mil- 
lions annually to prevent the immigration from Africa. This is 
right. But at the same time she reduces half of India to a con- 
dition worse than slavery, and sends untold thousands to die on 
a long passage, or under a tropical sun, and then boasts of her 
philanthropy. 

We make the following extract from a recent New Orleans 
paper : 

" The steamship Empire City, from Havana on the 23d of 
May, arrived at this port yesterday. The news from Havana is 
not important. It would appear that in defiance of the letters 
of our minister, Mr. Reed, the coolie traffic is still carried on by 
American vessels. There has been an arrival at Havana of a 
Baltimore ship, with 445 coolies on board, of whom 85 had died 
on the passage," To what but superstition, or to national delu- 
sion, can we I'efer such policy ? 

* We copy from the New York Twnes the following : " The Eussian nobles are un- 
willing to emancipate their serfs without full indemnity." 



24 WEALTH OF THE WOULD. 

We copy the following extract from the work of a recent trav- 
eler in Turkey : 

"In Cotij-tantinople there is an immense building called a 
Bazaar, where man does not blush to expose for sale the most 
lovely of our race. Infidels are sometimes excluded, but a female 
was recently allowed a stolen visit. Mrs. R. saw a Circassian 
girl of sixteen of unusual beauty, and but partially dressed, ex- 
posed to the gaze of the multitude, and among them were dozens 
of the most wealthy citizens of Paris and London. Her pur- 
chaser was a hoary Turk. The fair creature was overwhf^lmed 
with her sufferings ; no conversation was permitted ; .'sympathy in 
Turkey is unknown. The next morning she was found suspend- 
ed by a cord, the victim of despair ! The children of concubines 
are legitimate. The distinction between wives and concubines 
is sligiit, and with the wealthy the numbers of both are truly 
astonishing." 

The civilized world wish to see Turkey annihilated, and she 
would have been in the last war, if the policy of England and 
France had not demanded for her a short respite. Are our in- 
stitutions better than European institutions ? With all our ele- 
ments of progress, one political party assures us, that our prosperity 
will be our destruction. They assert that we shall extend our 
territories till we endanger the integrity of the Union. Is there 
not danger of this ? One party replies, " Not the least." The 
other replies, " We will never consent to the extension of slave 
territory." On this momentous question is suspended the most 
important events ever presented to a free nation for their deci- 
sion. One party assures us that the annexation policy was 
adopted as a national policy while the fathers of the country were 
with us ; and Louisiana and Florida were admitted by purchase. 
The investment of $17,000,000 is now worth, they assert, '$500,- 
000,000— possibly ten times 1500,000,000. We purchased 
Louisiana of France, and Florida of Spain, and under those pur- 
chases we claimed, and secured, four times as much as France 
and Spain ever owned or ever pretended to own. The vast ex- 
tent, and the vast value of this soil were foreseen by a ft-w men, 
but the federal party opposed all annexation. Should we not 
pay homage to Jefferson, Jackson, and to those who so early 
promoted the extension of our territory ? We, as chroniclers of 
passing events, intend to present these questions fairly. Our 
own views will not be asked, nor will they be obtruded on our 
readers. Should we, one party asks, in this enlightened age, 
make a political question of a national policy, and thus check the 
progress of a mighty nation? In connection with this interest- 
ing question, we make the following extract from the London 
Times 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 25 

" The name of Monroe is now connected with the enlargement 
of the American Union. What was the policy, actual or assum- 
ed, on the part of European Powers which he encountered by 
the ' Doctrine' stamped with his name. He warned the Holy 
Alliance off American soil. He plainly declared that the United 
States would not allow the independence of any other American 
community to be put down. He said that they would not inter- 
fere with existing politics, but that where any people had de- 
clared themselves independent, and had received the recognition 
of the United States, the Government of the Union would make 
their cause its own ; for ' it was impossible that the Allied 
Powers should extend their political system to any portion of 
either continent without endangering our peace and happiness,' 

" There, then, is the ' Monroe Doctrine,' and it is about as 
reasonable as a doctrine need be. Its principles have been 
avowed by states of all kinds time out of mind. The French 
of '93 avowed them when they proffered their support to all 
nations who might choose to do as they had done. We in Eng- 
land make the same avowal in a modified form when we express 
our sympathies with any Constitutional Government, and applaud 
any people in their struggles for rational liberty. The allied 
sovereigns themselves, in short, were but acting on these identi- 
cal principles when they contemplated that intervention in 
America which produced Mr. Monroe's rejoinder. 1 hey wished 
to multiply governments of their own pattern, and suppress gov- 
ernments of an opposite model. They thought their principles 
the best principles, and, in the true spirit of political orthodoxy, 
were for making them everywhere prevail. President Monroe, 
however, had an orthodoxy of his own, and declared, very justifi- 
ably, that he and his countrymen would maintain it and support 
it on their own ground. This is what the Monroe Doctrine says, 
and what originally it meant, but it is now interpreted to mean 
soraeth ng ve^y different indeed. 

" In the mouth of Young America the ' Monroe Doctrine' im- 
plies that no European power has any real business on the 
American continent, or at any rate on its northern portion. The 
sufferance extended by Mr. Monroe to ex'sting institutions is by 
them applied to existing interests. They abstain from any pro- 
posals of actual ejectment, but they look upon ' Am^inca' as 
pertaining to ' Americans ;' invest themselves with a reversion- 
ary interest in all its States, to be realized sooner or later by 
' man fest destiny,' and protest with the utmost vehemence against 
any act calculated to extend, enforce, or confirm the interests still 
retained by other Powers. Such as exist may be permitted to 
die out without violent extinction, but nothing must be done to 
invigorate or renew them, and nothing suffered which may re- 

2 



26 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

semble an admission that any European government has any title 
to interfere with affairs on the other side of the Atlantic. For 
this new doctrine it is plain, from what we have said, that Presi- 
dent Monroe's authority can not truly be pleaded, and the ex- 
travagance of its pretentions, all authority apart, is certainly 
considerable. 

" What is North America, and how is it divided ? The area 
of that enormous continent embraces about 8,000,000 square 
miles. Of that territory we are the actual and lawful possessors 
of more than a third. The dominions of the British government 
cover about 3,000,000 square miles ; those of the United States 
about the same, or a little more. Of the rest, Russia has about 
half a million, Denmark rather less, and France just a footing on 
some fishery islands. Deducting the unoccupied lands of the 
Arctic Regions, we find more than one half of all North America 
in the possession and occupation of European states — a posses- 
sion uncontested in its legality, and traceable, in fact, to exactly 
the same title as that of the Americans themselves. With what 
justice, then, can it be pretended, in the face of such notorious 
facts, that American matters are beyond the sphere of our legi- 
timate interference ? Does the ownership of a province like 
Canada carry with it no interest in the affairs of the North 
American continent? If the Americans have a California, have 
not we a British Columbia ? We say nothing of British Hon- 
duras, British islands in the Gulf, or British Guiana on the 
Southern Main. We take North America alone, as usually un- 
derstood, and, as almost half its territories are our undisputed 
property, it is surely a somewhat arbitrary doctrine which would 
exclude us from its politics as an alien or intruding power. 

" We are, however, perfectly aware of what might be alleged 
on behalf of American pretentions. We know that the citizens 
of the Union represent nearly five sixths of all Americans, though 
they may not hold five sixths of all America. We know that 
the population of one of their great cities exceeds that of the 
Hudson's Bay Territories altogether. We know that they have 
raised their State to an equality with the greate.st powers of the 
Old World, and we do not quarrel with the ' destiny' which 
may be predicted as the natural sequel of such astonishing pro- 
gress. But it is rather too much to say that we, with half North 
America in our possession, must abstain from meddling in North 
American affairs, and it is a still stranger measure to found such 
a doctrine on the simple principles of political fraternity pro- 
pounded by President Monroe. What Mr. Monroe said was : 
That the political system of the then Allied Powers— such a 
system, in fact, as we now see illustrated in Italy — should never 
be extended to the American continent if the United States 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 27 

could prevent it. To that doctrine England assentea at the time, 
and would give her hearty support now ; but su< h a policy con- 
tains nothing to deprive us of a voice in afTairs where our inter- 
ests might be almost as great as those of the Union itself. 
Happily, both would be identical wherever they were rightly 
understood." 

The statesmen of Europe know that the American Union will 
ultimately include the whole continent. A war with England 
will be the signal of independence to nations whose soil is nearly 
equal in extent to our own ; and in this generation the flag with 
one hundred stars may float in majesty in every breeze. Is it 
evidence of sound statesmanship for politicians to oppose the 
gradual enlargement of the Union 1 We will examine our re- 
sources. What is to be the amount of gold that we are to receive 
from California, Australia, and ultimately from Kansas and 
Mexico ? In discussing events so unlike all previous history, 
we are in danger of expressing hopes in language too sanguine, 
if not too inflated. In less than ten years the United States 
Mint has coined gold to the value of over five hundred millions 
— the product of our mines — averaging one million of dollars per 
week. Of course, the great reliance is in the California mines, 
which have been industriously worked, both by hands and ma- 
chinery, since 1849, and the product of which does not yet show 
any signs of diminution. The Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia 
mines have not been of late so productive as in former days. 
This IS owing to the fact that the newly discovered mines pay a 
better return for the labor of working them. The new mines at 
Pike's Peak, in Kansas, promise well. The auriferous deposits 
found in Washington and Oregon are in sufficient quantities to 
yield a fair return for the labor of working them, and there is 
little doubt that gold in vast quantities can be found through the 
whole extent of the Rocky Mountain range, from the Columbia 
River to the Isthmus of Panama. So rapidly are these discoveries 
being made, and so earn' stly and energetically are our frontiers- 
men at work, that the yield of gold from the mines within our 
territory during the coming year will not be less than a million 
and a half per week — a sum sufficient to pay the entire expenses 
of the government, and build some new ships of war besides. 

A question arises as to what has been done with all this 
money ; and many people will say, from a superficial view of the 
financial condition of the country, that we are really no richer 
now than we were ten years ago. The truth is, that with the 
influx of gold all values have steadily advanced. People who 
formerly hesitated to spend a dollar for an article of luxury, now 
throw away tens and hundreds. Immense quantities of gold 
are kept in private hands for ornaments, souvenirs, and curiosities. 



28 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

Great suras in coin and dust are hoarded and secreted, through 
a natural suspicion of the rascally financiers of the day, with their 
swindling railway, banking, mining, and building companies. 

The imports of articles of luxury, wines, cigars, plate, jewelry, 
pictures, silks, etc., have quadrupled in ten years. Broadcloth 
takes the place of homespun, and " moire antique" silks, at four 
dollars a yard, are hardly good enough for the demoiselles whose 
mothers wore shilling calicoes. 

With the old mines of Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee, Alaba- 
ma, North Carolina, and California, and the recent additions of 
Arizona, Pike's Peak. Oregon, and Washington, this country is 
likely to become the El Dorado of the world. 

The gold product of the world has been estimated at 
$200,000,000 annually— allowing $100,000,000 to Australia, 
$65,000,000 to California,, $20,000,000 to Russia, and $15,000,- 
000 to other sources. Perhaps this is somewhat high, but 
undoubtedly the whole amount is much less than would gen- 
erally be supposed. But it can not be doubted that the vast 
mining districts in this country, west of the Rio Grande, are yet 
to be developed, and it may safely be predicted that ere long the 
gold product of this country will tend materially to swell the 
estimate. In order to get as near as possible at the actual sup- 
ply of gold from the mines of the United States exclusively, the 
subjoined articles on the several gold-bearing fields have been 
prepared. 

The results of the statistics for the last twenty years, com- 
piled in these articles, are as follows, in round numbers : 

Total gold product of California $520,000,000 

" " " North Carolina 12,000,000 

« " " Georgia 7,500,n00 

" " " Kansas 250,000 

« " " Oregon and Washington 250,000 

Total $540,000,000 

Gold product of Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, and other 
sources , $60,0n0,000 

Grand total $600,000,000 

This is probably a fair estimate of the actual product, so far 
as any statistics can be obtained from the Mint Reports, ship- 
ments, and other sources. But if the reports concerning Pike's 
Peak, Cherry Creek, and the Gila River prove true, we shall 
have our present product doubled. Since the close of 1848, the 
new gold mines have presented themselves seriatim — Califor- 
nia, Arizona, Fraser River, Pike's Peak, Cherry Creek, and the 
Gila River reports have followed each other in quick succession, 
until we bid fair, among other evidences of our greatness, to be 
the great gold-producing country of the world. At any rate^ 
such of our readers as do not agree with the argument, as well 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 29 

as those who do agree with it, will be interested in the concise 
record which we present. 

The great gold diggings are on the western slope of the 
Sierra Nevada Mountains, and in Klamath and Shasta counties, 
while other portions of the State have contributed their quota. 
The first discoveries of gold were undoubtedly but the washings 
from the vast bulk of auriferous quartz in the State, which serve 
to keep up the gold product of the State. The gold region em- 
braces a space on the line of the Sierra Nevada between five 
hundred miles long and fifty broad. 'J'tie rivers whose copious 
streams flow from the streams of the Sierra Nevada were found 
to contain in their bars and shoals collections of the precious 
sand, the amount varying with the velocity of the stream. The 
dry diggings are places where gold is found mingled with, or 
disintegrated from quartz, or in dust, according to the action of 
the atmosphere or water. 

The first discovery was made in June, 1848, and in the ten 
years since that time a new State is formed, and now demands 
from Us the con»itruction of a railroad across the continent to 
meet the requirements of her people and their trade. 

It is by no means easy to arrive at a correct estimate of the 
actual gold product of California since the first discovery. In 
the crude condition of government during the first rush and 
largest gains, without a mint or proper custom-house regulations, 
and from the natural course of things, no reliable statistics could 
be kept. Much gold was exported and much carried away 
which never reached the mints. It has, however, been esti- 
mated that from the time of the discovery up to 1854 — the date 
of our first returns from the branch mint at San Francisco — the 
total production and distribution in all quarters was $298,243,938 
— a rate of production considerably below the present estimated 
average. The gold deposits of the branch mint at San Fran- 
cisco, according to the official reports, has been as follows, 
since 18.54 : 

California gold deposits of 1855 $20,860,437 20 

" " 1856. ...{ 29,809.218 84 

" " 185T, estimated 82,000,000 00 

Total $82,069,656 04 

Add to this the estimated deposits last year from semi-official 
sources of $34,500,000, and we have the following : 

Reported deposifs, 1S55-6-7 $82,069,656 04 

Estimated deposits, 185S 34,500,000 00 

Total deposits of Californian gold at San Francisco Branch Mint since 
1854 : $116,569,656 04 

Add this again to the reports of California gold coined at other 
mints, and we have this result : 



so WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

California gold deposited at Philadelphia Mint to January, 1857 $22«,273,955 31 

Deposits at New Orleans Mint, to 1357 21.477.124 15 

" Charlotte, North Carolina S7,321 01 

" Dahlonega, Georgia 1.218,214 80 

" Assay OfBee, New York 50,77(),S62 01 

Total deposits at other offices $299,^3 .977 18 

Add deposits at California Mint 1 16, 69,656 04 

Total deposit of California gold at United States Mint since 1354 1416,402,633 23 

Average deposits per year $41,64 ,263 82 

Thus, with no other record but that of the sums deposiied in 
the mint for coinage, we have the round sum of $41,000,000 per 
year. But, aside from this, we have to consider the vast sums 
which have been shipped to other countries in dust, and the 
large amounts expended in jewelry and souvenirs of the State, 
as well as the refining of private assay offices, and another 
eleven millions per annum may be added with safety, when the 
record will stand thus : 

Official record of California gold deposits at the Mint and branches $416,402,633 83 

Estimated California gold carried out of the country, refined by private 
assay ers or used in jewelry and specimens 110,000,000 00 

Total product of California, 1849 to 1859] $526,402,633 32 

These figures support the idea held forth by President Bu- 
chanan in one of his messages, that the average product of Cali- 
fornia gold is $1,000,000 per week. 

But let us look at it in another light, that of the shipments of 
gold from San Francisco : 

The estimated shipments of gold from San Francisco, from April, 1849, to 

January, 1857, were valued at $322,893,8.'i6 

The actual shipments to New York, in 1857, were 34,222,904 

The actual shipments in 1858, were 36,384,965 

Total shipments since 1849 $392,9ul,725 

These figures do not include the amounts carried by passen- 
gers, of which no record can be kept, or the sums still remaining 
in the State. If we estimate these at $130,000,000, which is by 
no means a heavy estimate, we have the following : 

Shipments of California gold since 1849 $892,901,725 

Estimated amounts carried by passengers, unrecorded, or still remaining in 
the State since 1849 130,000,000 

Total product of California gold from 1849 to '59 $522,901,725 

These figures again support the estimate of the California gold 
product at $1,000,000 per week. 

The North Carolina gold fields, near Greensborough, are 

worthy of note. The fresh gold ore yields, it is said, about 

twelve dollars to the bushel on the average. The statistics of 

coinage of North Carolina gold give the following figures : 

Total deposits of North Carolina gold, at all the branch mints, from 1888 to 

1856 $8,458,223 

Estimated last two years l,00'i,000 

Total mint deposite $9,458,223 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 31 

The gold mines of Georgia have shared the same fate threat- 
ened to those of California by the discovery of Fraser River. 
They have ceased to be called El Dorado, yet their products 
form an annual item in the record of coinage at the mints. The 
center of the gold fields is in Lumpkin County, at Dahlonega, m 
which a branch mint has been established. The following sums 
of this gold have been actuall)^ deposited in the mint and 
branches for coinage up to 1857 : 

Philadelphia $2,3T1,251 56 

New Orleans 39,681 00 

Dahlones;a 4,112,676 35 

Assay Office 55,443 28 

Total $6,579,052 10 

Estimated product of 185T, '58 1,000,000 00 

Total gold product of Georgia from 1838 to 1858 $7,579,052 10 

The recent discoveries on Fraser River have directed atten- 
tion to the general wealth of Oregon and Washington Terri- 
tories. 

The first reports of the discoveries at Pike's Peak and Cherry 
Creek only reached us as late as September. The gold district 
is very extensive, and not confined to the beds of water-courses. 
A pan full of the auriferous earth which is found most anywhere 
in the region, is sure to repay the trouble of separation, even 
with the rough tools yet employed ; but with sluices, long toms, 
gold washers, and experienced assayers, the product of the ore 
will be materially enhanced in value. 

The location of the most remunerative diggings is not at 
Pike's Peak, as at first stated, but upon the Platte, and near the 
mouth of Cherry Creek, where it empties into the Platte, and 
where the enterprising miners have built up towns, called Aura- 
ria, Montano, St. Charles, etc. A short distance from here the 
washings are said to realize from ten cents to four dollars per 
pan, to wash which but four or five minutes are required. The 
gold is seldom found in large grains, and when collected the 
dust much resembles that of the California mines, the first 
product of which was received in the city of New York in the 
year 1848. The diggings along the South Platte are said to be 
excellent ; but as yet all reports agree in the fact that the parti- 
cles of gold are small, the laigest spoken of being worth but 
forty-four cents. The bed rocks, or mountain mines, from which 
all these grains must have been washed, have yet to be reached. 
It is said that with the rudest implements the miners now ave- 
rage from two dollars to five dollars per day; that there are 
millions of acres which, with appropriate implements, will yield 
from twenty dollars to forty dollars per day for each man ; that 
the gold is more generally diffused, thus insuring a support for 



32 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

each man ; that more than five hundred different places have 
been prospected, and all of them found to contain gold. 

Arizona, or New Mexico, has the credit of possessing, in com- 
mon wiih Chihuahua and Sonora, which are immediately south 
of it, plentifully supplied sjold fields, needing oidy the capital and 
treasure to make another California. 

With all this data in view ; with the large emigration to 
Oregon, Arizona, Washington, and Pike's Peak the ensuing 
year; with the fresh developments of new mines by the active 
enterprise and energy of our people, what will be the annual 
gold crop of the United States 1 California gives us a million 
per week. All the other fields, we can safely say with what 
facts we already have, will give us at least half as much. Our 
gold crop is t/ierefore likely to be for years to come at the rate of 
a million and a half per week, or seventy-seven millions per an- 
num — equal to one half of the cotton crop of the country. 

Congress has taken the initiatory steps toward procuring the 
census for 1860, and it is to be hoped that the experience of the 
past twenty years will not be lost in enabling it to give us a more 
perfect and satisfactory one, with regard especially to the statis- 
tics of agriculture, manufactures, and the wealth of the country, 
than any we have had heretofore. In fact, the census of 1850, 
and of 1840, the only two in which any attempt to furn'sh tables 
of statistics was made, are far from being reliable — that of 1840 
being so imperfect as to be almost valueless in this respect. 
Some approximation to the English method of taking the census 
of the population all over the country in one day would give the 
returns more accurately and promptly. It is true that some diffi- 
culty is experienced in this country from the fact that our people 
are migratory, a large portion of the population being a floating 
one ; but that is an argument in favor of simultaneous action all 
over the States and Territories, as there could be no error as to 
the domicil of each individual, which often occurs when the 
work is spread over many months, as at present. 

We should not be surprised if the census of next year proved 
this country to be the second in population among tlie civilized 
nations of the globe, and we have little doubt that at the present 
moment we are the first in as far as mind predominates over 
matter. We think the figures, if accurately rendered, will show 
that this country, although behind Russia in population, is at 
least equal to if not ahead of France, and certainly greater than 
Great Britain. According to the census of 1850, the relative 
population of the United States, France, and Great Britain stood 
thus : 

United States, 1S50 23.191,876 

France, 1 SM 8.=',TS .,000 

Great Britain, 1851 27,475,000 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 33 

The estimated population of this country in 1854 was 26,500 . 
000 — giving an increase in four years of 3,308,124. But ad- 
mitting that the immigration has fallen off during the last six 
years, yet the increase in the existing population has been in an 
equal ratio ; therefore it is not unsafe to put down the total in- 
crease for the ten years at from eight to ten millions. This 
would bring this country nearly up to the population of France, 
and place her largely above Great Britain. Taking the increase 
from 1840 to 1850 as a criterion — which was 6,122,423 — this 
calculation is not unreasonable. 

In the growth of our manufactures, agricultural products, and 
the value of property, our advance over European nations has 
been immeasurably greater. The returns of 1850 showed, as 
might be expected, a large increase in these tables over 1840, 
but the census of that year was so defective that we are unable 
to make an accurate comparison. In 1850 the tables were — 

Manufactures and mining $1,013,386,463 

Agricultural producta 1 6U' ,Oii'',t 00 

Eeal and personal estate 9,UU0,000,00O 

Since then the area of our territory has been greatly extended, 
and the proportionate increase in agricultural products, manufac- 
tures, and the value of real estate has been almost incalculable. 
Whole territories have been populated by a thrifty, productive 
people, and the soil has been made to yield rich fruits to their 
labor. Cities and towns have grown up where a desert stood 
before, while in the older cities property has increased almost 
fabulously in value. It is not too much, then, to claim that in 
another decade we shall be, if we are not even now, in all save 
population, the first country on the earth. While Russia can 
boast of a large population, it must be remembered that it is in a 
great degree composed of serfs, and in a smaller proportion of 
idle non-producing classes; but in the United States we have no 
drones in the hive, no idle consumers and non-producers in the 
shape of an hereditary nobility, or lazy gentlemen of ease. 
Here all are active workers, scarcely one of whom does not con- 
tribute during his lifetime his quota to the wealth and prosperity 
of the nation. France herself, with all her intellectual activity, 
quickness of invention, and proverbial refinement, does not make 
the same impression upon the civilization of the world at the 
present time as the United St-Btes, either materially or meta,- 
physically. The same is measurably true of England. As one 
example, let us take the list of inventions patented in the two 
countries within the same periods. The patents issued by the 
Patent Office at Washington occupy from half a column to a 
column of the advertising portions of the papers every week, 
while the same number taken out in a month in England would 

2* 



34 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

not fill the same space. And there is hardly an invention patent- 
ed m the latter country that is not improved on here as soon as 
it appears. England, France, and Prussia, indeed, make some 
show of a claim to the invention of the electric telegraph, never- 
theless, France and several of the other Continental nations have 
bestowed a handsome gratuity on Professor Morse, nominally as 
a remuneration for the use of his system, but really as an ac- 
knowledgment of his claim to the merits of the invention. 

It is with no small measure of pride that we refer to the rela- 
tive position of this countr)^ to that of the older nations of Europe 
— a pride which is enhanced by the reflection that our country, 
since her birth as an independent nation, has only seen the num- 
ber of years allotted to man's existence, while her rivals in 
progress have lived for centuries. Peace with each other, and 
peace with all the world, is our mission. 

War has been the history of all past time ; the only heroes 
were the destroyers of their race. These heroes, if they lived, 
were made '■'■peers ;" if they were the victims of a chance shot, 
their remains were placed in a mausoleum, and tears were shed 
by the whole country — if we believe historians . 

We have a -peerage of as much wealth as that of England, and 
more worthy of all the honors that we can bestow. If our sketch 
shall satisfy any person that our wealth, our social position, our 
science, our intellectual activity, and our religion are in advance 
of all other nations, to whom are we indebted ? To this question 
we may reply in succeeding numbers. Thirteen States origin- 
ally bounded all the soil of the United States. How many have 
we now ? While we write and read these lines, we may have 
an extra State. We can step from island to island till we encir- 
cle the globe. In our mythology we will enshrine the Union ; 
on its altars, praises, we hope, will be offered to the end of time. 
What has been accomplished in twenty years ? The new terri- 
tory acquired by the United States during the last twenty years 
amounted to 1,300,000 square miles, which was larger than the 
dominion of the whole Union at the close of the War of Inde- 
pendence. What the soil of our country had produced in twenty 
years defied the powers of arithmetic to represent, and any at- 
tempt to state its harvests dizzied the brain with its immensity. 
The yield of the land in 1855, according to the Patent Oflice 
report, was $1,300,000,000, or about two and a half times the 
value of all the coinage of the nation from the beginning until 
the end of 1856. The Indian corn crop alone was worth more 
than all the gold that ever came from California. The 165,000,- 
000 of bushels of 1855 was likely to be more than distanced in 
the present year, for it was probable that the United States would 
make up the deficiency of the crop in Canada. The cotton crop 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 35 

had risen from one million four hundred thousand in 1836-7, to 
- nearly three million in 1856-7, and to three million five hundred 
thousand in 1858. In the manufacture of iron, America had now 
reached the point where Great Britain stood twenty years ago, 
and had increased our production to one million of tons, with a 
prospect of boundless increase, when our coal fields, which are 
three times as large as those of all the other countries combined, 
shall, by a better industrial policy, and by availing ourselves of 
the valuable invention of 1837, which applied anrhracite to the 
manulacture of iron, be more effectively wrought. The last 
ofiicial accounts fix the manufacturing capital of 1850 at over five 
hundred millions of dollars, and the annual production of manu- 
factures, including materials, at over one thousand millions. Our 
commerce exhibited the same ratio of increase with the other 
branches of industry, and of our 25,000 miles of railroad, all but 
1,400 had been the work of the last twenty years. This com- 
mercial emporium is a standing proof of the wealth of the 
country, for the whole nation contributed to its wealth. The 
valuation of property, real and personal, m it has risen to more 
than five hundred millions of dollars, and the returns of the 
Savings Banks show that the whole amount received was more 
than one hundred and nineteen millions of dollars ; that the whole 
amount paid was more than one hundred and two millions of 
dollars ; and that the amount of interest paid on the whole was 
more than eleven millions of dollars ; and that in our sixteen 
Savings Banks on the 1st of January, 1857, the whole amount 
on deposit was $32,000,000, payable to the industrial or work- 
ing classes. . 

What must have been the product of all the industry of the 
country, the product of labor, had it been deposited in the Savings 
Banks, and through them its value communicated to the reading 
public ? What per centage of our annual accumulations are 
loaned on interest ? Seven States forfeit the whole debt if more 
than legal interest is taken. No person can form a conception 
of the rapid increase of compound interest, who has not some 
knowledge of mathematics. Mr. Price, an eminent mathemati- 
cian in England, estimated one penny put out at compound in- 
terest at the birth of our Saviour, to be worth in 1775, 1.800 
times the whole globe, if it were solid gold. If we suppose this 
sum to double every fifteen years, it would have amounted in 
1790 to 3,600 times the globe of gold. In 1805 it would have 
amounted to 7,200 ; and in 1820, 14,400 times ; and in 1835 to 
28,800 ; and in 1850 to 57,600 times the solid globe of gold. 
At seven per cent , one penny would be worth at the present 
time less than five dollars. By such figures we can form some, 
though necessarily a very inadequate, conception of the wealth 



36 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

of England, and can estimate prospectively what the United 
States are to be when as old as England. 

More than one million five hundred thousand houses have been 
erected in twenty years. What is the difierence, in the social 
scale, between the occupants of these houses, and the same 
number of persons in the manufacturing districts of the densely 
populated cities of Europe ? Unlike those nations, in which 
superstitition and squalid destitution are constantly leading na- 
tions to revolution, our country smiles in the sunshine of peace. 
To comprehend the vast increase of our happy population in 
only twenty years, we will suppose 30,000 new churches to be 
erected, each to contain 400 worshipers. Brooklyn doubled 
her population and her churches every eight years. Would not 
the sight of these worshipers wake to ecstasy Dr. Beecher and 
the City of Churches ? 

We see by the following estimate the prospective size of New 
York city. Is there a nation on the globe that will compare 
with us ? 



1805 75,7T0 

1810 94J15 

1815 110,81)0 

1820 147,987 

1 825 18-t,ii83 

1831 231, 2JS 

1835 289,036 

1840 861,293 

1845 451,610 

185u 564,320 



1SP5 705,650 

1 86ii SS:%0fi3 

1S65 1,1 1:2.577 

1870 l,S78,ri77 

1875 1 722,776 

188 ' 2,16-!,470 

1885 2.69 1 ,837 

1890 3.364,796 

189,^ 4,-.J0o,995 

19U0 5,2,i7,493 



What is to be the population of all the United States in the 
20th century? 

In the increase of schools, of colleges, of newspapers, of libra- 
ries, and of all the other ideas of intellectual and educational 
progress, the results were proportionally great. And in the 
matter of letters — written letters — which do so much to educate 
both the mind and heart — while the number that passed through 
the Post Office in 1837 was but thirty-seven millions, in 1856 it 
was one hundred and thirty-nine millions. The circulation of 
books — and of the best books — had wonderfully increased. The 
1,500 public and school libraries, reported in our last census, 
must have increased to nearly 20,000 within the present year, 
the works most in demand being biographies and histories, which 
were the best antidote to the baser publications that were so 
much fostered by bad people. The whole number of Bibles 
issued within the last twenty years from our Bible houses, was 
3,391,697 ; and the number of Testaments, 6,450,594, making a 
total of 10,191,800. 

New England and New York are parts of the same family. 
New England has her three hundred. factories and her millions 
of spindles ; New York has her three hundred ship owners 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 37 

Would non-intercourse lessen the supply of cotton, and the earn- 
ings of our thousand ships ? What would be the value of the 
millions of factory stock, if the Southern States had never exist- 
ed ? With the opening of our canal in 1825, the tides of v^^ealth 
poured into this city. But yesterday the gold mines of Califor- 
nia and Australia were opened, and they have already enlarged 
the currents of wealth, and doubled the value of real estate ; and 
all who extend their hands may share their blessings. 

The Trinity Building, under one roof, commands a rent of 
about 160,000. Mr. Gilsey's iron store, at the corner of Cort- 
landt Street and Broadway, has commanded a rent of over fif.y 
thousand dollars. A. T. Stewart's store covers an area of over 
25,000 square feet, and would command a rent of $150,000. 
Will investments made in any other city be more productive 
than these'? If respect for the memory of Washington, and 
those who founded our institutions, shall take the place of agita- 
tion, the Western Continent will smile in perpetual peace ; war 
on this continent will be known no more. It is our part to show 
in succeeding numbers the wealth of individuals and the country. 
We hope to show that Union and enlargement are our guides to 
the wealth that no other country has or can acquire. It is the 
part of those who entertain other views, to show that agitation 
will strengthen the bonds which, if broken, will sunder the 
Union, destroy the wealth of which we boast, and crush that 
prosperity which we hope will be extended to the nation forever. 
England raises to the peerage her wealthy men ; with us, all are 
born peers. England has six hundred peers who have seats in 
the House of Lords ; we have twenty times as many in our 
State Legislatures, and in Congress. In England, one class of 
men have seats in Parliament as the reward of their partisan- 
ship ; others have seats for the services of great-grandfathers. 
Our legislators are elected by the people ; in England not one 
person in ten can vote. Which class of law-makers — which 
class of peers should, in the estimation of the world, stand before 
the other? We have six hundred men who possess more wealth 
than their six hundred peers. Within the present century, the 
King of England raised to the peerage a host of political friends, 
•for no more worthy purpose than to oppose the House of Com- 
mons in a single vote ; and the House of Commons represents 
the people. Many of these politicians were without wealth. 
In the Wars of the Roses, more than half the noble families of 
England were destroyed, and their immense manors were sub- 
sequently the gifts of the king. All who were accused of treason 
were convicted, and manors without limitation were robbed irom 
their owners and bestowed on partisans. The virtuous, Crom- 
well conquered Ireland; and bestowed the soil on his followers. 



38 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

in imitation of the pious William the Conqueror, who had divided 
England between his generals and his ecclesiastics. 

In the fifteenth century the Holy Church had acquired nearly 
half the wealth of the world. The canonists and the Lords 
had all the soil that was worth cultivating. On these immense 
manors untold numbers of ecclesiastics had for centuries lived 
in the exercise of pious offices, and in the ease of monastic life. 
Monks and nuns passed their time in platonic love, diffusing 
learning and religion on a benighted world. Henry the Eighth 
— a pious Catholic — confiscated all the monasteries and their 
boundless wealth, and gave all to his courtiers. 

Of the immense number of men, women, and children who 
wandered over England without subsistence, many became 
thieves, and for the smallest ofl'enses 72,000 persons were hung. 
If Henry the Eighth had not thus robbed the canonists, and 
then destroyed their lives, historians say they would have ac- 
quired the exclusive ownership of the soil. 

Cardinal Wolsey was the son of a butcher ; taking advantage 
of the superstition of the age, he raised himself to the Lord 
Chancellorship of England, and almost to the Papal throne at 
Rome. Knowing nothing of law, but possessing a rare genius 
for intrigue, he made Charles the Fifth and Francis the First 
pay him millions for favors obtained of Henry the Eighth. Like 
Lord Bacon and Lord Jeffries, he decided no law cases till he 
had received a fee from both sides. His law and his religion 
enabled him to acquire a fortune of 50,000,000 of pounds, and 
to own one twentieth part of England. When he moved from 
his palaces, he was attended by eight hundred knights and gen- 
tlemen. When he entertained parties of nobility, plates of solid 
gold were placed before the guests. 

Henry the Eighth wanted Wolsey's two hundred manors to 
bestow upon such members of Parliament as would allow the 
divorce and execution of Henry's queens. A large number of 
his manors were yielded by Wolsey before he was deposed and 
exiled ; after his death at Leicester, all his lands and palaces 
were given to court favorites who had by their votes accused 
Wolsey of high treason. The present Marquis of Westminster 
is the largest holder of Wolsey's twice stolen manors. 

In June, 1586, Edmund Spenser, the poet, obtained from the 
crown of England a grant of 3,028 acres of land. Sir Walter 
Raleigh at the same time received for his naval services a patent 
for 12,000 acres. Sir Walter was the favorite of Elizabeth, and 
was worthy of a throne ; and while she lived, and while her re- 
ligion was the religion of England, Sir Walter lived. Supersti- 
tion too cruel for contemplation sent him to the block fifteen 
years after his trial and conviction ; and no person familiar with 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 39 

English history believes that he was guilty of any crime. Not 
one dollar of his immense estate descended to his widow or 
children, who were turned from their home in abject poverty ; 
while court favorites took possession of immense estates without 
the payment of a dollar. At that time no counsel was allowed a 
criminal, and Raleigh's judges were the recipients of his lands, 
when they had disposed of him. The aristocracy of Europe 
are inheritors by a double fraud. The first owners had no just 
title ; and primogeniture, a law that gives all to one child, is a 
cruel fraud. We see the origin of English nobility. Do owners 
of these manors claim more respect than our six hundred peers 1 
According to English dictionaries, men are peers when equal to 
each other. The English nobility collectively are not immensely 
rich. A peer of England who owns an estate worth 100,000 
pounds, receives $12,500 as his rexd at two and a half per cent, 
interest ; an estate worth the same produces in this country, at 
the legal interest of seven per cent., 35,000 dollars. On every 
article of luxury the consumer in England pays the cost of im- 
portation, and about as much more to the government in duties. 
With the same estate a resident in England can have but half our 
luxuries. The nobility of England once resided in London, and 
were polished by all that was refined in manners and in intel- 
lectual intercourse. At this time they are in the rural districts, 
racing horses, and hunting foxes and other game less creditable 
to their morals. 

Against their dukes we will place our Astors ; against their aris- 
tocracy we will place our Coopers, our Stewarts, our Tilstons, and 
the array of talent that one book can not reveal to the public ; but 
other books, if our labors are appreciated, shall. Is he who by 
his genius acquires a dukedom, less entitled to respect than he 
who inherits a dukedom that by his talents he never could have 
acquired? Is not New York the geographical center of the 
world of wealth and commerce ? Will not our wealth be twice 
that of London 1 If wealth does not here confer a valuable no- 
bility, then empty titles without wealth do not confer nobility. 
England has seven titles for her nobility, and she bestows them 
as useless baubles to gratify the vanity of silly courtiers. Titles 
are valueless, but wealth is half for which we live. Without 
wealth our aspirations may be noble, but our performances and 
our associates will not satisfy our ambition. England gives 
away her seven titles — Dukes, Marquises, Earls, Viscounts, 
Barons, Baronets, and Bachelors. Elaborate works on heraldry 
make their annual appearance in Europe ; titles are the pursuits 
of a lifetime. English titles do not indicate the genius or the 
Avealth of their possessors ; a peer may be a dunce. Can a 
dunce be found in this country in possession of self-acquired 



40 WEAXTH OF THE WORLD. 

millions ? We have more significa>;t titles than England. Wealth 
with us is a Koh-i-noor diamond ; and he who acquires $250,000 
is a violet diamond. Five hundred thousand dollars are repre- 
sented by the indigo diamond. A possessor of seven hundred 
and fifty thousand dollars is a blue. A millionaire is a green 
diamoiid. The fortunate possessor of two millions is a yellow 
diamond. He who acquires three millions is an orange diamond. 
Three millions and over are represented by red diamonds. These 
seven colors of the rainbow and the prism are as fleeting, as 
etm7iescent, and as valueless as the titles of the English nobility. 
Are they not as valuable as the institutions which we refuse to 
adopt frojn Europe ? There are in this city, and we suppose in 
all large cities, half a dozen circles that refuse to exchange visits 
with others ; they believe their own circle to be the most ex- 
clusive, and more than any other entitled to high consideration. 
The expense at which our richest men live would astonish any 
person not familiar with our highest circles ; this display rnust 
exclude the miser, and those who will not, or can not, imitate 
the highest and most wealthy. We rejoice that such display 
exists — it is the evidence of that refinement to which wealth adds 
a double charm. The distance between our upper classes and 
our very lowest is constantly widening, and in no city is there a 
more perfect non-intercourse between the ranks. Many who in 
past times were the aristocracy, are now, in this age of gold, 
superseded by new aspirants of vastly greater wealth. The 
splendor of our mansions — perhaps we should call them palaces 
— and the cost of our parties, can not be surpassed in the most 
polished circles of France and England. With the higher 
classes, foreign adventurers have no intercourse ; doors are 
doubly barred by the pride of wealth, and the graces of refined 
intercourse. 

Persons of wealth are constantly leaving other States, and 
foreign nations, to pass with us their leisure, and to share with 
us the elegances, the intellectual aids, the libraries, the lectures, 
and all the noblest institutions that a benignant Providence has 
anywhere on earth vouchsafed to intellectual man. Can we esti- 
mate as we ought the wisdom of a Jackson, a Clinton, a Fulton, 
a Morse, a Field, an Astor, a Cooper, and all who by their wealth 
and their genius have left on our civilization traces that time will 
make brighter and brighter ? Can we estimate the debt we owe 
to those men who by their wealth founded charities that lessen 
the sufferings of the human family and exalt humanity ? When 
those who now occupy our splendid mansions shall be known no 
more — when politicians shall forget their calling, and cease to 
abuse each other — when men shall visit this favored country 
from the blighted and superstitious nations of Europe — when 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 4:1 

men shall walk forth amid the splendor of parks and palaces — 
then the question will often be suggested : " Were these palaces 
erected by merchants ?" Future historians — the Prescotts and 
the Bancrofts of future times — will reply : " This city of palaces 
is the natural result of a free government, free trade, the absence 
of the privileged classes, and the elevation of the people above 
the superstition of monkish ages." 

What nation on the earth is half as wealthy as our own ? One 
city, New Bedford, has one thousand dollars for every man, 
woman, and child that lives within its happy borders. The 
names of wealthy persons we give in support of our theory ; and 
we do not give them to gratify the vanity of any person. We 
suppose this, our first number, contains about half ihe names of 
our rich citizens ; the other half shall be given if heraldry finds 
readers. He who feels no interest in reading these facts, and 
in weighing the correctness of our views, may be a good politi- 
cian, but he is a doubtful philosopher. 

Succeeding numbers may have sketches of our politicians, our 
public men, and our wealthy merchants of this and other States. 
To those who will send us sketches of families of wealth in any 
of the States, we will acknowledge our obligations in a suitable 
manner. In England, every person is compelled to state under 
oath the exact value of his property, and on this valuation his 
income tax is assessed ; this book is open to the inspection of 
all, and has saved the country from the inequality of taxation 
that once existed. 

In the superstitious ages, monks and military heroes took the 
lead of all others. If our theory is correct, the merchants are 
at this time not only the most wealthy, but they are the most in- 
telligent, the best educated, the best politicians, and on them 
devolves the responsibility of sustaining or overttirowing the 
Union. 

The merchants are, for many reasons, the conservative ele- 
ment of the country. They are to our cons itution the same 
regulating power that the nobility and landed gentry are to En- 
gland; and without these classes the English Parliament and 
the American Congress can not be sustained. They are the 
fast-anchored " Hope" against which sectional waves and party 
waves may forever dash, but can never move. 

We give the names of the most wealthy men of Europe and 
America. If we are asked where we obtained our knowledge, 
we reply, " By common report." When asked if every record 
is correct, we reply, " By no means." Some estimates came to 
us {xom friends ; some are the amounts that all would award to 
men so much esteemed ; some are the fortunes that enterprise 
must soon acquire ; and none are from the parties whose names 



4:2 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

are recorded. If we are accused of writing fables, it must be 
recollected that iEsop wrote fables before the Bible was writ- 
ten. If we have written some fables, may it not be that we have 
written some truths ? We will never write one line that can 
offend the most sensitive heart. This is a time of unusual ex- 
citement,. The tendency of the age is to asceticism and to 
gloomy speculation. Out of hotbeds do not weeds sometimes 
spring as well as flowers 1 

To divert the mind — to mantle the face with a smile — to re- 
lieve the young heart (that should be gay and joyous) from a load 
of apprehension — to add one hour to the enjoyments of th.s 
troubled life, are at least innocent employments. 

The Rothschilds $100,000,000 

The Rothschilds are brothers, nephews, and cousins, and have 
banking-houses in London, Paris, Naples, Frankfort-on-the- 
Maine, and at Vienna, and Baron Rothschild of London is a 
member of the British Parliament. 

Mr. A. Belmont is the agent in this country for all the Euro- 
pean houses under this name. Baron James Rothschild resides 
in Paris ; his second son has recently married Mademoiselle 
Auspeck, daughter of the judge of the high court of Paris. 

Earl Grosvenor $100,000,000 

A letter-writer in Washington, under date of March 8th, 
1859, has the following paragraph : 

" In the diplomatic gallery was seen the bright face of Lord 
Richard Grosvenor, son of one of the richest earls in England. 
Near him was W. Smith O'Brien, whose trials, I was delighted 
to find, had not robbed his eye of its luster. He appeared 
deeply interested in the scene, aiid no less so was Richard Cob- 
den, one of England's most powerful debaters." 

A recent letter-writer saw one thousand deer sporting in the 
parks of Earl Grosvenor. 

Marquis of Westminster $1 00,000,000 

Duke of Devonshire 100,000,000 

Prince Esterhazy 100,000,000 

Duke of Sutherland 100,000,000 

The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland are the warm friends of 
Mrs. Stowe, and at their palaces she passes the most of her time 
when in Europe. 

Viscount Canning $100,000,000 

The Viscount is now the governor of India ; he is in the re- 
ceipt of nearly one milli'-n of dollars annually from the British 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 



43 



government, in addition to the income of his immense estates 
and the pickings of office. 

T. R. Thellusson $95,000,000 

Peter Isaac Thellusson died in England in July, 1797. His 
proi^erty amounted to about two millions and a half sterling, and 
was left as follows : He had three sons, and he called each No. 
1. Their three eldest sons he called No. 2. Their three eld- 
est sons he called No. 3. Their three eldest sons he called 
No. 4. To No. 4 he gave, when accumulated, £19,000,000. 
In 1856 the nine descendants, numbered 1 to 3, were dead, and 
Thomas R., C. R. A., and the Hon. Arthur Thellusson, being 
heirs No. 4, claimed the division of this immense sum. 

One of the sons of Peter Isaac Thellusson had twin sons, born 
after the death of the giver. The suit m 1856 was brought to 
settle this uncertainty, and was taken to the Hou-e of Lords by 
appeal ; and on examining all the reports since 1856, we can not 
find that it is yet decided. 

The' first suit, in 1797, is Thellusson v. Woodford, 4 Vesey, 
227. This was to break the will, but it was not broken. 

The second suit was Thellusson v. Woodford, 11 Vesey, 112. 
The third suit, in 1856, sixty years after the first, was Thellus- 
son V. Robart, 23 Beavins' English Reports, 321. 

This vast amount is the accumulation of only sixty years, and 
commenced with a small sum ; what must be the accumulation 
of eight hundred years. . 

Many of the large manors in England are now held m the 
same family to whom they were conveyed by William the Con- 
queror in 1066. The ecclesiastics received theirs on the con- 
dition that they should pi ay for the souls of the giver. This, by 
lawyers, was called holding by " mortmain ;" the property could 
not be sold, and it accumulated till the Church held half of En- 
gland. Numerous manors were given by WiUiam on tne condi- 
tion that the baron should brmg in o the field, when called for, 
any number of troops. In this way all England was divided be- 
tween ecclesiastics and his military followers ; the Sax.m nobil- 
ity were made slaves, and, with a ring placed around their neck, 
were the ancestors of slaves for four hundred years ; a Saxon 
deed had no value. What must be the present value of the 
thousand manors which cost their owners nothing? Where 
trade and commerce flourish, we can see the origin of wealth 
without reading works on political economy. 

Such a will as Thellusson's can not now be made in En- 
gland. In most of the United States real estate can be be- 
queathed to a son who can not sell it, and to a grandson who 
can not sell it ; but the third or great-grandson may sell it, and 



44 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

the giver can not prevent the sale. This is democratic, and is 
suited to the genius of the country. If a rich man squanders 
his prope ty, an industrious poor man will soon be the owner : 
not so i7i Europe. 
Duke of Buccleugh $60,000,000 

The Scotch title of the Duke is as old as the Norman Con- 
quest. 
Duke of Wellington $60,000,000 

The Duke inherits all his father's wealth, and all his tides, and 
a liberal sh^re of his talents. He has held some place under 
the Britihh government constantly since his faiher's death. 
Earl Derby $60,000,000 

The Earl descended from a long line of nobles and early kings, 
and is now, for the second time, prime minister of England. 
There is no hivv for nations but the whims of tbe leading states- 
men. England IS the arbiter of every nation on the globe, 
America excepted, and Earl Derby is the arbiter of England. 
The Earl, by one line inserted in a treaty, fixes the bi>unds of 
imperial Russia ; by another Ime directed to the govr-rnor of 
India, he extends the dominion of England over 150,000,000 of 
persons, and cuts off the heads of untold thousands who oppose 
his humane government. 

In England ir. is regarded as a great blessing to have a queen 
(and eight children, all kings and queens in embry..) with the 
Earl to rule a country as they do India and Turkey, and to make 
slaves of all but the colored races. 

Under their perfect laws, the eldest son has all the real 
estate, and the leading ecclesiastics have ten times as much sal- 
ary as their judges, and superstition and eternal agitation, like 
Vesuvius, are ready to bury civilization under a burning stream 
of lava. 
Sir Robert Peel • $60,000,000 

The grandfather of Sir Robert was one of the richest men in 
England. He made his money after the introduetion of >team 
into cotton factories ; he was known as Calico Peel. The father 
of the prrsent Sir Robert was England's favorite prime minister, 
and in his adrainist(ation the most important changes of pobcy 
were effected. In some of these, the Corn Laws, for instance, 
Sir Robert jumped from one side to the other with the agility of 
a Daniel Webster and a Rufus Choate. 

Duke of Norfolk • $60,000,000 

The present Duke is the descendant of Norfolk, the romantic 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 45 

lover of Mary Queen of Scots. To escape with ber and to 
save hrr life was his cherished purpose for many years. Sym- 
pathy was unknown when superstition was hurry ng all to the 
scaffold. The Duke died for the act which would now command 
the admiration of every intelligent person. 

Duke of Portland $60,000,000 

Earl of Surrey 60 000,000 

Hoqua, China 40,000,000 

W. B. Astor : 25,000,000 

Perhaps we should double the $25,000,000, to give an ade- 
quate idea of the vast accumulaiion of Mr. Astor's wealth. If 
he had not so much, we believe he would be quite as well satis- 
fied. Mr. Astor is respected for his liberality and for liis amia- 
ble character. The library given by him and by his father will 
be the largf-st in the United States. We give the names of the 
descendants of John Jacob Astor, Sen. 

John Jacob Astor lives in Fourteenth Street, and during his 
father'^ life he was called John Jacob Astor, Jr. At this time 
the son of Wdliam B. Astor is John Jacob, Jr Henry Astor 
and William Astor are the sons of William B. Astor. The 
daughters are married to Mr. F. H. Delano. 
Mr. VVai^d, and Mr. John Gary. John Jacob A^tor, Jr., married 
the daughtt^r of Thomas Gibbs ; Henry married the daughter of 
Mr. Schermerhorn. 

Miss Ward is the granddaughter of William B. Astor, and 
since the death of her mother has been a favorite member of 
his family. She will have her mother's &hi<re <.f the immense 
estate of William B. Astor ; it may amount to $10,000,000. Miss 
Ward is between seventeen and eighteen years of age, and highly 
intellectual. She is in possession of a large f rtune left to her 
mother by John Jacob Astor, Sen. 

C. H. Bristed is the grandson of John Jacob Astor, Sen., and 
the son of an eminent clergyman ; he married the daughter of 
H. Brevoort. He is now about thirty-two years of aye, pos- 
sesses a literary taste, resides with the savans of Europe, and 
constantly writes for our public journals under the name of Carl 
Benson. 

Mrs. Rumpff, daughter of John Jacob Astor, Sen., died some 
years since in Europe. Mr. Vincent Rumpff, her raisband, is 
dead ; no childr- n are living. A work has been written upon 
the life and character of Mrs. R. ; she was deserving the eulo- 
gium>i so liberally bestowed. 

Mrs. Dorothea A. Langdon is daughter of John Jacob Astor, 
Sen., and sister of William B. Astor. Mrs. Latigdon had four 
daughters and four sons : Eliza, Louisa, Cecilia, Sarah, John 



46 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

Jacob Astor, Woodbury, Walter, and Eugene. The daughters 
are married to Robert Boreel, J. De Nottebeck, and Ma'thew 
Wilks. John Jacob Astor Langdon died before his grand- 
father. One of the sons married the daughter of Isaac Jones. 
Mr. Langdon, the husband of Mrs. Langd>>n, died in 1840 ; he 
was a man of fine talents, and was respected by all who knew him. 
The names of the family will appear under their proper head. 

The Lorillard family $20,000,000 

In the early part of this century th*^re w^re four L^nllards in 
this city : George, Peter, Blaze J., and Jacob. George and 
Peter manufactured tobacco, and Blaze J. and Jacob were deal- 
ers in leather. They were industrious, honest, and esteemed 
by all who knew them, and their business was immense. Their 
father, in 1797, was in the tobacco business at No. 30 Chatham 
Street, the high road to Boston. The Hall of Records was then 
a prison, and in it were confined half a dozen ihievt-s. At noon, 
these thieves rushed from the prison, armed with pistols. Among 
those who assembled to secure these escaped prisoners was Mr. 
Lorillard. In this encounter he received a w«?uad, and 

dropped dead in the street. This incident was given to the 
writer by the venerable John L. Tillinghast, the assistant libra- 
rian of the Law Library, who was born in 1785. 

Mr. Lorillard was one of the original Huguenots or Protest- 
ants, expelled from France by the superstition that destroyed 
untold numbers. With the characteristic honesty, industry, and 
ingenuity of his countrymen he constructed mills and manufac- 
tured snuff and tobacco in a superior manner, and an early- 
acquired fortune was his reward. 

The four Lorillards had one half sister, Mrs. J. G. Coster, 
and one half brother, D. Holsman. The mother of the Loril- 
lards married Mr. Holsman after the death of her first husband. 
George Lorillard died a bachelor. His will was offered for 
probate after the law of the State cut off entails, and for this rea- 
son, after ten j^ears' litigation, was set aside. By the will, 
twelve nephews and nieces were to share nearly all of his im- 
mense estate, amounting to $4,000,000, and as one died his share 
did not descend to his own children, but it was to be divided on the 
Tontine principle, and roll up as it descended to the other cous- 
ins and brothers. The last living nephew or niece might have 
had twenty millions, and this sum, large as it might have been, 
was not to be divided for some years after the death of the last 
heir. Mr. Holsman and Mrs. Coster were to receive only a few 
thousand dollars. 

Peter and Jacob were as wealthy as George, and it was the 
policy of all to invest in real estate. Had the entire property of 



WEALTH 0¥ THE WORLD. 4:7 

the three been kept togther, as was intended by the will of bach- 
elor George, the increased value would have been equal to seven 
per cent., and in 1843 twelve millions would have been increased 
to twenty-four millions, and in 1854 the whole value would have 
been forty-eight millions of dollars. 

When the will of George was set aside by the Senate as the 
Court of Errors (Coster v. Lonllard, 14 Wendell, p. 265), a new 
question arose : Shall, or shall not, Mr. Holsman and Mrs. Cos- 
ter, half brother and half sister, share equally with Peter, Jacob, 
and Blaze, the last three being own brothers ? The decision 
was in favor of an equal distribution, and Mr. Holsman and Mrs. 
Coster received one lifth each of $4,000,000. 

This question, which lawyers know to be an unsettled one in 
many of the States, was finally decided on the principle of the 
Roman law, made two thousand years ago, and was in 1830 
adopted in our statute laws. It is not the law of Louisiana, but 
her code was written by Livingston, a New York lawyer. Peter 
Lorillard was the parent of five children : Peter, Jr., Mrs. Spen- 
cer, Mrs, J. D. Wolfe, Mrs. T. A Ronalds, and a second Mrs. 
Spencer. Capt. Spencer's first wife died ; he then married her 
sister, and dying, left her a widow without children. Mr. and 
Mrs. Ronalds are dead. 

Mrs. Ronalds left five children : three sons, T. H. Ronalds, 
Peter L., and Geo. L. Ronalds, and two daughters. The Hon. 
F. A. Conkling, at one time a merchant of this city, and at this 
time a member of the Assembly, married Miss Ronalds, and 
Col. J. A. Thomas, who was assistant Secretary of State under 
Marcy, married the other daughter. Col. Thomas died in Eu- 
rope. 

Mr. Lorillard Spencer is the only son of the first Mrs. Spen- 
cer, and inherits all her share of her father's estate, and that 
share received from the bachelor George in addition. 

Jacob Lorillard left five children, Mrs. T. Ward, Mrs. Bailey, 
Mrs, L. G. Morris, Mrs. G. P. Camman, and one son, Jacob. 
The widow, and Mrs. Morris, and the son are dead. 

Mr. D. Holsman died some years since, Mrs. Holsman yet 
lives. The last of her generation, she is yet the life of her nu- 
merous friends, admired equally for her talents and her disposi- 
tion. Her children were one son and five daughters : Daniel, 
Miss E. B. H., Miss J. H., Miss C. H., Miss M. L. H. and M. 
M. C. Holsman. 

Mr. Clement B. Barclay was the husband of Catharine ; Mr, 
James Barclay and Mr. Frederick Wetmore, son of R. C, 
Wetmore, married daughters of Mrs. Holsman. Mrs. C. B, 
Barclay lost her life by the collision of the cars on the New 
York and Philadelphia Railroad. 



48 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

Blaze Lorillard left one daughter, the wife of Mr. Bartow. A 
son of Blaze, and brother of Mrs. Bartow, is drad, leaving two 
sons, Blaze and George. 

Mrs. J. C. Coster was the mother of ten children : John H., 
Gerard H., Daniel G., George Washington, Henry A., Charles 
R. ; Mrs. C. Ruhell, who with her husband resides in Paris ; 
Mrs. G. L. Heckscher. Mrs. Berryman, and Henrietta T. ; the 
last IS not married. Mrs. Berryman and her husband are dead ; 
they left four children. One daughter is the wife of Mr. Schu- 
chard. 

Mr. H. G. Chad wick niarried the daughter of John H. Cos- 
ter. The family are entered under their proper head. 

Torlonia & Co., Rome $20,000,000 

Percires, Paris 20,000,000 

Thomas Hope, London 20,000.000 

F. Marryat! Cuutts 20,000,000 

J. J. Astor, Sen. (estate) 20,000,000 

Stephen Girard, Pnilndelphia (estate) 15,000,000 

Solomon Heine, Hamburg 15,000,000 

This house is the correspondent of A. Belmont. 

J. Figdor and Sons, Vienna 15,000.000 

J. Lowenstein and Son, Vienna 15,000.000 

Earl Cardigan, London 10,000,000 

■ Earl Cardigan, some years since, raised a troop of 600 men, 
mainly at his own expense. At the commencement of the 
Russian war he promptly left England for the scenes of conflict 
in the Crimea. During one of the most severe battles an order 
was sent to Earl C. to attack the Russian force. By some 
accident this order was imt received by Earl C. till the chise of 
the action, and' at the moment when the Russian army was con- 
centrated at a short distance from the allied armies. Earl C. 
regarded his own death as certain. He mentioned to his troop 
that they had a perilous service to perform. In an instant they 
dashed upon the Russian force and literally mowed a passage 
through the entire army. When Earl C. reached a place of 
safety, he had with him but one fourth of his men. This gal- 
lant act has been immortalized by the touching lines of En- 
gland's poet-laureate, and will be read in all coming time as a 
parallel to the battle of Thermopylae. 

Brown, Brothers & Co ^10,000,000 

The Messrs. Browns are our leading men in all the charitable 
institutions of our city. No men have relieved more suffering ; 
no men are more esteemed. To promote the interests of this 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 49 

city they invested half a million of dollars in the Collins line of 
steamboats, and our government, with characteristic meanness, 
fell from their contract, and the boats are rotting at the wharf. 

Baring, Brothers & Co $10,000,000 

Mr Joshua Bates and Russell Sturgis, partners in this house, 
are Bostonians. No men stand higher. 

Mr. Bates, in 1814, was one of the firm of Beckford & Bates, 
in Boston, and they were assisted by Wm. Gray, Boston's great- 
est merchant, and Mr. Bates was recommended by him to the 
firm of B. B. & Co. 

The writer of these lines has often read the sign of B. & B., 
and has seen Mr. Bates and Wm. Gray walking arm-in-arm on 
Boston 'Change. Mr. Bates was the umpire between the Brit- 
ish and American governments to settle millions then in dispute 
under the treaty of 1840. Under this treaty, the umpire awarded 
to Mr. J. Fryeof this city, $100,000 taken from him twenty 
years before, and wickedly withheld. 

L. Behrens & Son, Hamburg $10,000,000 

They are the correspondents of A. Belmont. 

Mr. Corcoran. Washington 10,000,000 

Miss B. Coutts, London 10,000,000 

Dent & Co., Canton 10,000,000 

Mrs. Gaines, New Orleans 10,000,000 

J. C. Fremont 10,000,000 

Overend, Gurney & Co., London 10,000,000 

Jardine, Matherson & Co., Canton 10,000,000 

This is the richest house in Canton. One partner lives in 
princely style in Scotland ; one partner has recently died, and 
one has recently followed from China to this city a beautiful 
widow, and carried her from the circle of her devoted friends 
back to Canton. 

H. Mitchell", Kingston, Jamaica $ 1 0,000,000 

A. Jones, Kingston, Jamaica . 10,000.000 

Duncan, Sherman & Co 10,000.000 

Cyrus Butler, of Providence, died a bachelor, and bequeathed 
to A. Duncan, Sen., a fortune of five millions of dollars. The 
acting partners are men of unusual talent and of rigid integrity. 
Their names are entered under the proper head. 

George Peabody, London $10,000,000 

Mr. Peabody was born in Danvers, Mass., and laid the 
foundation of his fortune in Baltimore. Mr. Peabody's business 
yields him one million of dollars, one half of which he devotes 

3 



50 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

to charitable and scientific purposes. To Baltimore he has 
given half a million of dollars, and to Danvers, we believe, be- 
tween $50,000 and $100,000. Mr. Junius Morgan, his part- 
ner, is a native of Hartford, Conn., and married the daughter of 
the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, of Mass. 

The partner of Mr. Peabody, while in Baltimore, was Mr, 
Riggs, whose immense fortune is now enjoyed by his three 
sons. 

Messrs. Corcoran, Riggs, and Peabody made $5,000,000 by 
the United States government loans. 

Morrison & Dillon, London $10,000,000 

S. Van Rensselaer, Albany 10,000.000 

Stephen Whitney 10,000.000 

W. W. Wynne, London. 10,000,000 

Hottmguers, Paris 10,000,000 

J. Cavan, London 10,000,000 

Koningswarter & Co., Hamburg 10,000,000 

Wertheimstein & Son, Vienna 10,000,000 

A. T. Stewart 10,000,000 

Mr. Stewart possesses a genius for trade that can not in this 
country be surpassed. So recently as 1819 he was an assist- 
ant in Mr. Bragg's school in Roosevelt Street. In the unusually 
severe winter of 1857 he turned the basement of his store into 
a kitchen, and fed all who were hungry. In the panic of 1857 
he paid all his notes, if he owed any. Mr. Stewart owns real 
estate, we believe, nearly equal in value to any person in this 
city, and he is now^ negotiating for a lot on which to erect a store 
larger than he now occupies. If our readers give us an oppor- 
tunity to write again, we will give a sketch that will possess 
more interest than tales of fiction. Mr. Stewart's history is not 
the only one that will interest, and our work may possibly in- 
duce young men to follow the example of such merchants. If 
Mr. S. outlives Mr. Astor, he may be the richest man in the 
city. He has no children, and has adopted none. In manners 
Mr. S. is quiet and dignified ; he is regarded by all as a perfect 
gentleman. Mrs. Stewart is beloved by all who claim her ac- 
quaintance. 
Commodore C. Vanderbilt . $10,000,000 

His married daughters are Mrs. W. K. Thorn, Mrs. Horace 
F. Clark, Mrs. D. Torrance, Mrs. N. B. Labau, Mrs. D. B. Al- 
len, Mrs. Osgood, Mrs. Cross, and Mrs. Barker. 

The Commodore built a steamboat that cost him half a million 
of dollars, and in it he with his family visited nearly all Europe. 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 51 

It is a singular fact, illustrative of superstition, that the Pope of 
Rome was the only sovereign who did not bid him welcome. 
Rome he could not enter. The wealth of the Commodore would 
purchase half the territory of the Church. 

The Pope has run away from Rome once, and if the Austrian 
and French armies are withdrawn from Rome it is morally cer- 
tain he will run away again. We advise him to sell his fix- 
tures to the liberal Commodore immediately. Since superstition 
united spiritual and temporal thrones, war has been the regular 
business of all Europe. 

At this moment all Europe is in commotion about a Pope. 
Lombardy has confiscated the Church property, and the Pope 
says it must be restored. Spain confiscated, and then restored 
half of Spain. This war is a war of reformation. Relig- 
ion never killed a man, but superstition has killed, historians 
say, twenty millions of men. Science is destined to dispel 
superstition and restore peace to a troubled world. Are we 
safe ? 

Mr. Vanderbilt has benefited the public by carrying them 
over the world for half price, but he has benefited himself more 
by running against rich corporations. The P. M. Company 
paid him $700,000 every year to keep his thirteen steamboats at 
the wharf. The Company, under this charge, were still able to 
divide twenty-five per cent. The Commodore was not satisfied 
with $700,000, and he has started his numerous boats, and now 
intends to purchase all the stock of the P. M. Company at ten 
cents on the dollar. 

Who will not visit California, where they have strawberries 
at New Year's — when we can go for fifty dollars 1 

Oiie banker of this city is said to have lost $800,000 by the 
Commodore's deep schemes, but he has $2,000,000 left. 

Alexander Duncan ■ $6,000,000 

of the firm of Duncan, Sherman &, Co. 

Peter Lorillard (once called Junior) 6,000,000 

Mr. Lorillard was in business with his father and his uncle 
before their death, and was very wealthy ; he is nearly sixty 
years of age, and still continues the business. He may be worth 
double our figures. 

James Lenox $6,000,000 

Mr. Lenox is the son of Robert Lenox, who f-r fifty years 
was the leading merchant and the leading philanthropist of the 
city. Mr. Lenox owns sixty acres of land in the center of the 
city. No man is more esteemed than Mr. Lenox. 



52 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

Peter Harmony's nephews $6,000,000 

consisting of three families : Suarez, Francia, and Garcia. 

Hendricks, five families $6,000,000 

S. Rogers, London ". 6,000,000 

Mr, Rogers was more than eighty years of age at his death. 
He was a banker, and was a poet of genius. A few years be- 
fore his death his banking-house was entered by false keys and 
his sale forced open, and half a million of deposits were re- 
moved. Singularly enough, he was able to give the Baidc of 
England the numbers of the missing bills, and new ones were 
issued. Would our banks do the same 1 

Nathaniel Thayer, Boston $5,000,000 

Mr. Thayer was a grocer till invited by his brother to join his 
banking-house. The writer has known Mr. Thayer all his life- 
time ; a man of more talents and more honesty need not be 
looked for. Mr. Thayer married the daughter of the present 
Patroon of Albany. 
John E. Thayer, an eminent banker (estate) $5,000,000 

Mr. Thayer's first wife was the daughter of Ebenezer Francis ; 
she died some years since, leaving one son only. This son died 
after the death of his father, and before the death of his grand- 
father. Mr. N. Thayer and the widow and one daughter now 
have the immense estate of Mr. J. E. Thayer. Had the son 
lived a few months longer he would have received an extra 
million, and Mr. N. Thayer would have received the same from 
him as his nearest heir, we suppose. 

Mrs. Thayer, the widow, was the daughter of Mr. Granger, of 
New Yo'k, and drives, when at home, four horses in majestic 
style. Mr.s. Thayer is now in Europe with her daughter, not 
yet two years of age, but is the possessor of a fortune of nearly 
three hundred thousand dollars, the bequest of her father. 

E. Corning, Albany $5,000,000 

Mr. Corning never made a mistake in his life — except when he 
ran for Congress. He paid Mr. Burden, of Troy, $600,000 for 
the use of his patent. This was paid after five years' litigation 
• and after making, for ten years, half the railroad spikes that 
were used in this country, and we believe in Europe. Mr. 
Corning made $1,500,000 by the Lake Superior Canal. Mrs. 
Corning is celebrated for making splendid matches lor her 
adopted daughters ; she is equally admired by men and ladies. 

Spofford, Tileston & Co $5,000,000 

The writer of this article knew these men in another State 



"WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 63 

where they worked. Mr. A. Hemmenway, of Boston, is worth 
$2,000,000, and he laid the foundation of his fortune in South 
America. Spoiford, Tileston & Co. were his partners, and for 
years furnished all the capital ; their profits were immense, and 
the business was suspended only when all the parties had as 
much as they wanted. 

Mr. Hemmenway pays a personal tax in Boston on $800,000. 
Mr. W. B. Astor paid a personal tax in New York, in 1857, on 
only $755,000. We believe his father never paid a personal 
tax on more than $1,000,000. Mr. H. married the daughter of 
Thomas Tileston. When we have an opportunity of giving our 
reasons why we believe the house of S. & P. to be worth more 
than our mark, all will admit the correctness of our reasoning. 

Henry Astor $5,000,000 

Son of W. B. Astor, and the sole heir to his uncle Henry, 
who died some years since at No. 61 Bowery Lane. 

John Jacob Astor, Jr $5,000,000 

His grandfather gave him a very liberal sum for his name. 

Kingslands $3,000,000 

John David Wolfe 5,000,000 

Married a daughter of Peter Lorillard. 
Lorillard Spencer 2,000,000 

Grandson of Peter Lorillard. 

G. Smith, Chicago 4,000,000 

Grinnell, Minturn & Co 4,000,000 

W. H. Aspinwall 3,000,000 

Mr. Aspinwall succeeded to the immense business of the 
Howlands, and had acquired a large fortune before California 
gold was discovered. 

Mr. A. was one of the early projectors of the Panama Rail- 
road, which is gradually but surely changing the current of trade 
from the East to the West. Asia and Europe have been inhab- 
ited for untold ages, and camels have been, till lately, the public 
carriers of their vast commerce. 

Till De Gama, a Portuguese navigator, discovered the Cape 
of Good Hope, in the fourteenth century, no vessel ever sailed 
from Europe to Asia. Our national existence commenced in 
1776 ; singularly enouah our railroad, which connects us with 
Asia, was constructed before the Egyptian Railroad, which con- 
nects Europe with Asia, was commenced. The Egyptian is not 
yet completed, but twenty-five cars, manufactured in Springfield, 
Mass., have been shipped from Boston for the Egyptians. If, 



54: WEAXTH OF THE WOELD. 

according to the doctrines of the Spiritualists, the Pharaohs can 
peep out of the time-defying pyramids, will they not be angry 
that we have accomplished what they could not ? 

In excavating for the Egyptian Railroad, a vase was found at 
a great depth below the surface of the soil. This vase was 
dated just eleven thousand years ago. This interesting fact is 
well known to scientific men, and was related in a recent lee- 
turn by the Rev. E. H. Chapin. 

The river Nile, by its deposits, causes a ris^e in the soil of a 
certain number of inches every century, and is unerring in its 
almanac. Mr. Chapin stated that the publishers in this city of 
the European work had left out the fact of finding of the vase, 
for fear it would injure the sale of the book ! Are we receding 
to the dark ages ? What desirable object can be promoted by 
concealing from the world an important scientific and historical 
fact ? We hope to resume the subject at another time. 

A. & A. Lawrence (estate), Boston $3,0Q0,000 

These were the most eminent men of their time. We shall 
allude to them again. 

Alsop & Chauncey $3,000,000 

Made their money with Edwin Bartlett in Valparaiso. Mr. 
Alsop received one million dollars from his uncle in Philadel- 
phia. 

Wm. Astor, son of W. B. A. $3,000,000 

His father gives him twenty-five thousand dollars' salary to 
attend to the business at the office in Prince Street. 

J. Albert, Baltimore . $3,000,000 

James Adger (estate), Charleston, S. C 3.000,000 

Avenstein .. 3,000.000 

Barton, Philadelphia 3,000,000 

Butterfield & Brothers 3,000,000 

They own immense factories in England. 
James Boorman 3,000,000 

By his exertions, the Hudson River Railroad was constructed. 
Boorman & Johnson sold iron, and occupied a place in the front 
rank of honorable merchants. 

Stewart Brown $3,000,000 

Of the firm of Brown, Brothers & Co. ; he married the daugh- 
ter of Waldron B. Post. 

E. B. Bigelow, Lowell $3,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 55 

Mr. B. receives three cents on every yard of Brussels carpet 
made in England and in the United States. 

Bischoff, Basel $3,000,000 

Berikard & Hutton 3,000,000 

This house has recently purchased the sugar-house in Duane 
Street, and are erecting six magnificent stores. Mr. Benkard 
has purchased the house recently owned by Mr. C. M. Parker, 
in the Fifth Avenue. 

Bethman, Frankfort $3,000,000 

August Belmont 3,000.000 

Mr. Belmont is a cousin of the Rothschilds, and recently re- 
ceived nearly one million of dollars by the death of a relative. 
Mr. Belmont married the daughter of Commodore Perry. He 
has represented this country at the Hague, and is promised 
another fat appointment if he continues to pay well, and if the 
naughty Republicans don't get the disposal of the loaves and 
fishes. As a banker, Mr. Belmont stands in the front rank ; he 
is popular with merchants as well as politicians. 

C. A. Bristed $3,000,000 

Grandson of J. J. Astor, who gave him a large estate ; he mar- 
ried the daughter of H. W. Brevoort. 

James M. Beebe & Co., Boston $3,000,000 

The Boston tax list for 1858 lies before the writer. In this 
book Messrs. J. M. Beebe & Co. are taxed on $750,000 per- 
sonal property. 

The New York tax list for 1857, the only one ever published, 
also lies before the writer. In this, Mr. W. B. Astor is taxed 
on only $755,000. Are both of these correct ? 

The tax in Boston is short of one per cent. ; in New York, in 
1859, it will be two per cent. ! We intend to do for New York 
the same that the Boston tax book does for Boston merchants. 
Those who pay all they ought will find no fault with us. 

Brown & Ives (estate). Providence, R. I $3,000,000 

S. Colt 3,000,000 

Mr. Colt's pistols are not like George's guns ; we are sorry to 
say that Mr. Colt and his pistols have done mischief. No man 
who has the blues should take one in his hand — it may go off. 

J. Clarke & Co., Glasgow $3,000,000 

Gebr. Benedict, Stutgard 3,000,000 

J. P. Gushing, Boston 3,000,000 

Married the daughter of the Rev. Dr. Gardiner, Mr. Cushing 



56 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

made his fortune, in connection with the Messrs. Perkins, in 
China. He is a man of rare tastes. After investing one hun- 
dred thousand dollars in a garden at Wahham, he opened his 
imitation paradise to all who pleased to wander m admiration 
over it. If we ever have an attack of poetic inspiration, we may- 
hazard a description of this garden. It seems strange, but it is 
true, the Sepoys stole his peaches ! 

Mr. Gushing then opened a new division of his garden, con- 
taining exotics, and everything beautiful and rare, pine-apples, 
and century plants, and said to the Boston Sepoys, take all you 
please vi welcome. Not a peach was stolen. Persons who 
visit Boston should visit a garden not equaled in the United 
States What a world this would be if every rich man were a 
Gushing ! 
Chouteau, $3,000,000 

No mt-n stand higher ; they made their money in the fur 
business. The father of the senior partner owned half of St. 
Louis when it was a village. 

Peter Cooper, and Cooper & Hewitt $3,000,000 

Cooper & Hewitt are graduates of Columbia College. Mr. 
Hewitt married the only daughter of Peter Cooper, and Mr. 
Cooper has but one son. Messrs. Cooper & Hewitt, are among 
the largest manufacturers of iron in the United States. They 
will contract (we think) to furnish the rails for the Pacific Rail- 
road ten per cent, less than they can be imported from Europe. 
How many thousand men would be employed in manufacturimg 
them ? 

If one class of politicians obtain a majority, our workshops 
will be transferred to Europe. We shall then import fifty per 
cent, more than we export, and the bank directors will be able to 
get up a panic at short notice. 

Can not Congress be induced to keep our workshops at home, 
and our specie also ? A war would, by some, be regarded as a 
blessing if it were to set in motion all the machinery of the 
country. The first cotton factories were set in motion by the 
war of 1812. We are preparing a sketch of the life of Peter 
Cooper, and we have only room here to say that posterity will 
regard him as a benefactor of his age. 

General Lewis Cass $3,000,000 

General Cass is a great man ; he is a rich man, and will be 
an old man before he is President of the United States. General 
Cass should have been President ; he meant to be President ; his 
wealth and talents qualify him for the Presidency ; and he would 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 5Y 

have been President if Van Buren had not deserted his party 
and turned Republican, and then turned D«-mocrat again. We 
Democrats shall never forgive Matty nor Horace Clarke for play- 
ing on two fiddles at the same time. Politicians who work for 
'patriotism and posterity must follow their file-leader to the lower 
regions, if necessary. So said Johnny Cochran. 

Would it not be melancholy for the country and our party if 
John should arrive there. John is a genuine Democrat dyed in 
the wool, and will stand. Van Buren and Horace Clarke are 
Democrats and Republicans, " discoursing sweet music to all par- 
ties" to obtain one election, and he forgotten. 

We admire the perfect discipline of our friend Sew«rd, and 
we are inclined to join his party. He has always gone straight 
ahead, and we have no doubt he would go straight ahead if he 
should fail into a well. 

Cold water would have no terrors for him ; crying " The 
higher law," he would sink more than once before he would 
grasp a Democratic hand extended to save him from perdition. 

Seward will be President if we can keep our fiddle tuned to 
" The higher law''' pitch. If, in his patriotic endeavors to save 
the country, he should drown himself, we will deliver a eulogy 
on depar'ed greatness that shall bring tears from hearts of stone. 
That we will. 

Coates & Co., Scotland $3,000,000 

Beverly Chew, New Orleans 3,000,000 

Mrs. Gaines claims all of Chew's vast property. We have 
read the reports of her numerous suits, and we think she is the 
right owner. 

Denistoun, Wood & Co $3,000,000 

Wm. W. Deforest 3,000,000 

Daniel Drew ^. . 3,000,000 

Mr. Drew's Hudson River steamboats can't blow up, nor can 
Daniel. 

William Douglas $2,000,000 

All we know against William is, he is a bachelor. When he 
gets married — and it is never too late to repent — we shall place 
him with our best men. Mrs. Cruger is his sister. 

Hon. Hamilton Fish $3,000,000 

Son of a Stuyvesant, and has represented the State in the 
Senate of the United States. 

Ebenezer Francis (estate), Boston 3,000,000 

At his death, in old age, he had two millions of dollars depos- 



58 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

ited in ten banks, and all of them, he was afraid, would fail, 
Mr. J. E. 'I'hayer, N. Bowditch, and R. Mason married daugh- 
ters. 
New York Editors $3,000,000 

The giants of virtue and literature are the editors of the 
Tribune, Evening Post, Express, Commercial, Herald, Journal 
of Commerce, New York Times, Lfedger, Home Journal, Sun, 
and Dail}- News. These men are making money so fast that no 
man can tell what they are not worth. We are too honest to 
divide among coniending parties such immense spoils. When 
the whales have taken their share, we hope they will peaceably 
relinquish to the minnows all that remains. 

As youvg America will expect some advice from the Nestor 
of this wealth-distributing age, we will recommend to some of 
these ambitious men to appear less frequently before our crim- 
inal courts as defendants in libel suits. That's all. 

Hickson VV. Field $3,000,000 

Gandjause, Paris 3,000,000 

D. S. Gregory 3,000,000 

Garritt, Baltimore 3,000,000 

George Griswold 3,000,000 

Nathaniel Griswold (estate) 3,000,000 

J. Beresford Hope, London 3,000.000 

Harrison, Philadelphia 3,000,000 

A man of eminent talents : made millions by constructing rail- 
roads for the Emperor of Russia. In Russia, science is a rare 
commodity, but superstition and white slavery abound. 

Hoyt & Spragues $3,000,000 

Edwin Hoyt married Miss Sprague, of Providence. Mr. 
Hoyt's partners are Wm. Sprague, son of the late Amisa, and 
Byron, son of William. 

Thomas Hunt $3,000,000 

Mr. Hunt was the owner of a steamboat that " weathered the 
Cape," and arrived early at San Francisco. 

William Niblo was a part owner of the Senator, and by this 
boat only was Mr. Hunt's boat beaten. Mr. Hunt's boat burned 
up all her coal, and the captain and crew landed at Cape Horn 
and cut areen wood to steam the boat onward, and he, by the 
generosity of Mr. Hunt, was richly rewarded. Mr. Hunt is 
everybody's friend. He is building a palace to cost, it is said, 
more than any one previously built in this city or in Brooklyn ; 
also two houses for his daughters of almost equal magnificence 
He is to be the next temperance candidate for Mayor. 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 59 

Dr. Jacob Harsen $3,000,000 

Owns the farm on which his grandfather lived at Blooming- 
dale. For the special benefit of kind mothers, we here assert 
that the Doctor is not married, and his affections are not en- 
gaged. The Doctor owns more lots facing the new park than 
any other man. 

N. P. Howell, Sag Harbor $3,000,000 

J. Howland & Co., New Bedford, Mass 3.000,000 

Stockton 3,000,000 

Peter Harmony (estate) 3,000,000 

Higgins & Brothers 3,000,000 

E. Howe, Jr 3,000,000 

He assesses every man five to ten dollars for making a sewino-- 
machine, if the manufacturer uses a needle with an eye at the 
point ; for this needle he has a patent. 

Moses Jenkins, Providence $3,000,000 

Robert Jaffray & Sons 3.000,000 

Isaac Jones (estate) 3,000,000 

James Jones (estate) 3,000,000 

John Q. Jones 3,000,000 

Bradish Johnson, 3 Brothers, & Lazarus 3,000,000 

Nicholas Low and Augustus Flemming 3,000,000 

Their ancestors owned a rope-walk in Macdougal Street. 
Many acres are now covered with elegant houses. The corner 
lots on Bleecker and Macdougal streets, so long vacant, are soon 
to be covered with splendid houses. 

Rufus L. Lord $3,000,000 

Owns a vast property in Exchange Street. 
Mrs. D. Langdon $3,000,000 

The daughter of John Jacob Astor, Sen. 
R. Longworth, Cincinnati 3,000 000 

If the lovers of good wine will purchase none but pure juice, 
they will lessen the importation some millions, and prevent all 
panics. 

George Law $3,000,000 

George is a giant. He sold all his steamboats to Moses Tay- 
lor, M. O. Roberts, and C. A. Hecksher, three of our wise ones, 
and then laughed at their folly. Four months after the sale, they 
were not worth one half the price that he had received, and at 
this moment the Commodore is threatening to annihilate the 



60 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

$3,000,000 originally invested. George's two city railroads 
will be worth four times their cost. The wise ones say he has 
some guns that won't go off. Perhaps they can not prove 
their assertion. We never testify without a fee. 

Miller $3,000,000 

Maitland, Phelps & Co 3,000,000 

Morand Freres, Basle 3,000,000 

Macondry & Co., San Francisco 3.000,000 

John Mason (estate) 3,000,000 

McDoiiough (estate) New Orleans 3,000,000 

Mr. McDonough died without children. New Orleans, Balti- 
more, and a few charitable institutions were his legatees. Im- 
mediately after his death litigation commenced, and we believe 
no person has yet received any part of his immense fortune. 

James & Thomas H. Perkins (estate) . $3,000,000 

The only son of James married Miss Callahan, and, dying, 
left her with two children. Bishop Doane, of New Jersey, 
married the widow. W. H. Gardiner, an eminent lawyer of 
Boston, and Mr. W. F. Cary, merchant, of the firm of Gary & 
Co., of this city, married daughters of T. H. Perkins. Mr. T. 
H. Perkins founded an asylum for the blind, and Mr. James 
Perkins was one of the leading men in all the charities in which 
Boston was so much in advance of all other cities. 

At the division of their copartnership property, Thomas Per- 
kins gave to James Perkins a note for $1,600,000. This fact 
was communicated to a friend of the writer by Dr. N. Bow- 
ditch, of Boston. 

Piatt & Brother $3,000,000 

John Potter. Philadelphia 3,000.000 

Russell & Co., Canton 3,000,000 

E. Rijigs (estate) 3,000,000 

Dr. Rush, Philadelphia 3,000,000 

Married Miss Ridgway, now dead. 

C. V. S. Roosevelt 3,000,000 

W. C. Rhmelander 3,000,000 

Lispenard Stewart married a daughter of Mr. Rhinelander, 
and he has another of the same excellent quality. 

Gerritt Smith $3,000,000 

Mr. Smith gives away entire farms. True benevolence can 
not go wrong. 

Paul Spofford $3,000,000 

Dr. Swaim (estate), Philadelphia 3,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE "WORLD. 61 

P. Stuyvesant (estate) $3,000,000 

J. L. & J. C. Stevens (estate) 3,000,000 

Mr. J. L, Stevens was an eminent man, and is entitled to a 
more lengthy notice than we can give in this number. 

R. L. & A. Stuart $3,000,000 

The rise of sugar, in 1857, gave them nearly $1,000,000. 
By their charities they sweeten life ; by their sugar we sweeten 
everything that nature has made bitter. What were colored 
men made for ? Certainly not to make sugar ! 

Amasa & William Sprague, Providence (estate). . . .$3,000,000 

A man (a person turned away from Mr. Sprague's factory) 
concealed himself behind a fence and fired a ball at Mr. Sprague, 
and killed him instantly. The ball was covered with a piece of 
newspaper, and the newspaper was found in the possession of 
the murderer, and he was hung. 

Slaman, Hamburg $3,000,000 

SchuUer & Co., Vienna 3,000,000 

David Sears, Boston .... 3,000,000 

B. Simon Sma, Vienna 3,000,000 

Mrs. Spencer 3,000,000 

The daughter of Peter Lorillard. 

Thomas Tileston 3,000,000 

Tatham & Brothers 3^000,000 

J. H. Talman •. 3,000,000 

Once kent store at No. 214 Pearl Street. He owned four 
hundred building lots in the new park, and has 1,700 out of the 
park. His wife's father raised vegetables and inherited a small 
city. 

Winans & Son, Baltimore $3,000,000 

Wiggin & Co., bankers, London 3,000,000 

A son of one of this house married the daughter of James W, 
Gerard. 

Herman Thorn estate $3,000,000 

In 1825, William Jauncey, possessing great wealth, was doing 
business at No. 20 Wall Street. His name appears also in a 
directory of 1797. Mr. Jauncey made a will May 28, 1825, a 
copy of which the writer has seen. He had no children, but his 
niece and adopted daughter, had previously married Herman 
Thorn, To this niece, Jane Mary Thorn, he gave a yearly pay- 
ment of $12,500; he also gave her a house in Broadway, and 



62 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

one in New S reet, and all his English government bonds, all 
his cash in the bank of Coutts & Co., etc. 

To William Jauncey Thorn, son of his niece, he gave his 
houses in Pearl and VVater streets, and $75,000 in money, and 
made him residuary legatee. 

To James Jauncey Thorn, son of his niece, he gave Nos. 20 
and 22 Wall Street. The estates were probably worth $10,000 
at that time, and now pay the interest of two or three hundred 
thousand dollars. He also gave to James $75,000 in cash. 
To Angelica Jauncey Thorn he gave $75,000, and to Jane 
$50,000. 

To Herman and Alice, born after the will was made, he gave, 
by codicil, $50,000 each. To all the children of his niece, who 
might be born, he gave $50,000 each. 

He made numerous and highly judicious bequests, but no allu- 
sion is made to Elm Park, at Bloomingdale, containing nearly 
fifty acres, and now worth millions of dollars. His will was 
proved Sept. 23, 1828, and we think he left a larger estate than 
any perbon who had gone before him. William Jauncey Thorn 
was requested, but not required, to drop the Thorn. Soon after, 
and while residmg with his parents in France, he was thrown 
from a horse and instantly killed, leaving no wife or child. 

Mr. Thorn's son, Herman, was an officer in the Austrian 
service, which he left to fight for his country in Mexico, and 
died covered with honors. Eugene married Miss Hyslop, of 
this city. Alfred married a musical lady of great geuius, and 
died. Louis Depau, Count^Forisack, Mr. S. Fox, Jr., Mr. Kirk- 
land, and Baron Pierres, married daughters. 

Madame Pierres is at this time maid of honor to Eugenie, 
Empress of France. The picture of the wife of Napoleon HI., 
with all her maids of honor, may be seen at Goupil's, in Broad- 
way. American beauty is intellectual beauly, and defies Euro- 
pean competition. 

The picture was painted for Napoleon HI. by Winterhalter, 
the first painter of his age, and perhaps equal to any who ever 
preceded him. The painter received $20,000 from the Em- 
peror, and no money could purchase the original. 

James Jauncey Thorn married, we think, in France, and died, 
leaving a widow and children. The executors of William 
Jauncey's will were Edward Antrobus, Baronet, John White, 
captain in the British navy, both of London, and Thomas Bar- 
clay, Esq., of New York, and John Rutherford, Esq., of New 
Jersey. Colonel Thorn, it will be seen, inherits his immense 
estate as heir-at-law of his children. This estate may be two 
or three times as large as is represented by our figures. 

The Colonel was of the same stamp as " the old English gentle- 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 63 

man ;" he and his family are deservedly popular here and in 
Europe. 

Moses Taylor $3,000,000 

Called, by many, the shrewdest man in New York. As 
shrewd as he was, he did not see the approaching s orm in 
1857, and he owed a little. Many merchants chalked $5,000,000 
for their guess. We hope he has the whole. 

Van Vorst (estate) $3,000,000 

Miss Ward 3,000,000 

The great-grandchild of John Jacob Astor. 
John D. Wendel $3,000,000 

His father made his money with John Jacob Astor, who was 
the uncle of Mr, Wendel. Mr. Wendel has an entire square 
connected with his house in the Fifth Avenue, next to the Reser- 
A'^oir ; we believe no other man in the city has a similar resi- 
dence. We commend his taste, and wish there were hundreds 
lil<e his. ■ Will the wealthy make a note of this 1 

James W. Wadsworth $3,000,000 

Owns nearly a whole county. 

W. S. Wetmore 3,000,000 

Made his money in China. Mr. W. resides at Newport, and 
has given to his friends an entertainment that cost more than any 
other ever given in this country. He^ owns the marble building 
extending from Wall to Pine streets. Mr. Wetmore has chil- 
dren, and will probably leave $10,000,000. His nephew is the 
leadmg partner of a house in the China trade. 

John L. Aspinwall $2,000,000 

James Arnold, New Bedford 2,000,000 

J. W. Alsop 2,000,000 

Charles F. Adams, Boston 2,000,000 

Son of John Q. Adams, and grandson of John Adams, ex- 
Presidents of the United States. 

P. C. Brooks (estate), Boston $2,000,000 

Peter C. Brooks acquired a large fortune in Boston in the in-, 
surance business before there were any incorporated insurance 
offices. 

Mr. Adams, Edward Everett, and the Rev. Mr. Frothingham 
married his daughters. Mr. Brooks, recently of the firm of 
Davis & Brooks, in this city, was his son. 

The letters of the wife of the first President Adams are ad- 



64 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

mired for the graceful elegance of their style. The most in- 
teresting of these letters were written at Richmond Hill, in 
Charlton Street, and in the house so celebrated for its historic 
associations, and for the eminent men who were at various times 
its occupants. Near this house occurred a tragedy, the names 
of the actors in which time has not, and may not ever, disclose. 

Arnold, Constable & Co. $2,000,000 

Thomas Allen, St. Louis 2,000 000 

William Appleton, Boston 2,000 000 

H. Brevoort (estate) 2,000,000 

We b.elieve Mr. Pierre C. Kane, Mr. F. W. Coolidge, W. E. 
Sedgwick, married daughters. In 1797, John Brevoort was a 
merchant at No. 36 Maiden Lane, and Elias was a merchant at 
No. 20 of the same street. The father of Henry, we believe, 
owned a farm where the Brevoort House now stands. Messrs. 
Carnes & Haskell have a deed of the Brevoort House, and this 
deed has a vegetable basis. It smells of roses, sweet marjoram, 
and lilacs, but not a particle of onion, 

J. Burnside, New Oi leans $3,000,000 

Since our four million men were all printed we have been 
posted up, and are perfectly convinced that Mr. B. is a Peer of 
the Red. In succeeding numbers he shall have his place. Mr. 
Jesse Value is a valuable man ; as Mr. Bnrnside's partner, his 
value is to be estimated by splitting the difference ; we dub him 
a Peer. Our decrees are not to be reversed. 

Burden, Troy $2,000,000 

Mr. B. is one of the most ingenious men in this country. His 
spike machine and his horse-shoe machine are worth millions. 
Mr. B., in 1835, constructed a " water-bird or flying-fish" that 
was to fly and to swim to Albany in two hours ; we have been in 
it. What happened to it, and how it looked, we wdl tell you 
next time, if you buy a book, 

Edwin Bartlett $2,000,000 

Made his money in Valparaiso with Alsop & Chauncey. His 
place on the North River is more than a palace. 

Nathaniel IngersoU Bowditch, Boston $2,000,000 

Son of the eminent mathematician, and married the daughter 
of E. Francis, Esq., deceased. Mr. B. is an eminent lawyer, 
and does the business of the Life Oflice, of which Mr. Francis 
was for twenty-five years its valued president. 

Moses Brown (estate), Providence $2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WOULD. 65 

Josiah Loring, . . $2,000,000 

J. Carson Brevoort 2.000,000 

Henry W. Brevoort 2,000,000 

Bird & Giililan 2,000,000 

S. Brewster 2,000,000 

John Bryant, Boston ,. . . 2,000,000 

Bryant & Sturgis owned the vessel in which Dana made his 
three years' voyage before the mast. 

Mrs. Bailey $2,000 000 

Daughter of Jacob Lorillard. 

W. H. Burrows estate $1,000,000 

The partner of A. T. Stewart. There was not a more liberal 
man in this city, nor is there one more respected. 

B. Blanco $2,000,000 

Becar (estate) 2,000,000 

R. Boreel 2,000,000 

Mrs. B. was the granddaughter of J. J. Astor, and daughter 
of Mrs. Langdon, and owns the stores built on the site of the 
City Hotel. 

Japhet Bishop $3,000,000 

Once of the firm of Wolfe & Bishop. 

Brooks and Brothers $2,000,000 

B. Brandreth 2,000.000 

J. W. Beekman 2,000,000 

Josiah Bradlee & Sons, Boston 2,000,000 

Mr. Bradlee's son married the daughter of Perin May, and 
received more than half a million. 

Henry A. & J. G. Coster $2,000,000 

By a directory, dated 1811, we find the firm doing business at 
No. 26 William Street. Henry lived at No. 28 William Street, 
and John G. at No. 227 Broadway. A part of the Astor House 
now occupies No. 227 Broadway. The family of John G. we 
have already given. Henry Coster was the father of two sons, 
Henry and Washington, and five daughters, Mrs. Hamilton 
Wilkes, Mrs. Robert Emmett, Mrs. Wm. Laight, Mrs. Francis 
Buretta, and Mrs. Schermerhorn. W. B. Astor's son Henry 
married a daughter of Mrs. Schermerhorn. After the death of 
Mr. H. C, his widow was married to Dr. Hosack. She was 
the mother of no children by the Doctor. Mr. Wilkes is dead. 

Dr. Hosack, the eminent surgeon, is the son of the equally 



66 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

eminent father. The widow of Dr. Kerny Rogers is the sister 
of the present Dr. Hosack. Dr. R. Rogers had a warm friend 
in every person who knew him. 

Mrs. John G. Coster (estate) $2,000,000 

Cottinet, Atherton & Co 2,000,000 

William F. Cary 2,000,000 

Married the daughter of Thomas H. Perkins, of Boston. Mr. 
Henry C. was the president of the Phoenix Bank till Thomas 
Tileston was elected. 

W. B. Crosby $2,000,000 

Owns the Rutger estate. 
John Cary ' $2,000,000 

Married the daughter of W. B. Astor. 
Dr. Camman . 2,000,000 

Married the daughter of Jacob Lorillard. 

Sir Samuel Cunard. 2,000,000 

The Queen has just conferred a title on Samuel for owning 
steamboats. We ourselves intend to confer titles on steamboat 
owners ; We will make an admiral of Commodore Vanderbilt, 
and commodores of the blue, and red, of all who run a boat with- 
out drowning their passengers. 

Aaron Claflin & Horace B. Claflin $2,000,000 

These brothers belong to that Heaven-favored class, the class 
that take excellent care of themselves. If it ever rains porridge, 
or ready-coined eagles, their dishes will certainly be the right 
side up. We advise all young men to work as these men have 
worked, and a benignant Providence will smile on them. 

Aaron Claflin, Lee Claflin, Bowker & Phipps, Micajah Pratt 
& Co., Leonard Johnson & Co., Abner Curtis, Joseph Whit- 
ney & Co., T. & E. Bachelder feed more men, women, and 
children than any other eight persons in the United States. 

There are no manufacturers in the world who live so com- 
fortably, eat so good dinners, attend so good churches, and are 
so well educated as the thousands of shoemakers of the New 
England States. If any person doubts our assertion, he may- 
ask our shoe friend, Henry Wilson, the senator to Congress from 
Massachusetts. The writer has frequently shaken this man's 
honest Republican hand and received some of the Republican wax 
that stuck to his fingers. Gold would not have been half so 
sticking. 
Cary, Howard & Sanger, & Josiah Oakes $2,000,000 



WEAXTH OF THE WOKLD. 67 

Mr. Gary possesses genius of a high order. The writer 
knew him early, and in another city. His early partner, Mr. 
Josiah Oakes, equally well known to the writer, was a valuable 
architect in constructing fortunes, and the height and the beauty 
of their respective temples must be decided by those who come 
after the writer. Success to enterprise, is our motto. 

Richard F. Carman $2,000,000 

A man who knew Dick when he made boxes with his own 
hands, would like to tell a story about him ; but how do we know 
that any person will read what we write ? 

James Dedion $2,000,000 

Married Mrs. McCarty, sister of the wife of Eugene Keteltas. 

R. B. Dawson (estate) $2,000,000 

Franklm A. Delano 2,000,000 

Married the daughter of W. B. Astor. 

J. Dennistoun 2,000,000 

Donaldson (estate) 2,000.000 

Amos R. Eno 2,000,000 

Owns the hotel on Madison Square. 

W. Fellows 2,000.000 

Mrs. Eliza M. Fonerden 2,000,000 

Sole heir of the Spingler estate. 

W. P. Furness 2,000,000 

D. B. Fearing 2,000,000 

A large owner of Trinity Building. 

Francia 2,000,000 

Nephew of Peter Harmony. 

J. M. Forbes, Boston 2,000.000 

Mr. Gladstone, London 2,000.000 

Mr. Gladstone is the youngest son of a peer of England. The 
London Saturday Review says that " Mr. Gladstone is the first 
orator in England — that is, he is the first orator in the world. 
His industry and energy are immense, and his political informa- 
tion is equal to his industry and energy. His courage is equal 
to any undertaking, quails before no opposition, and suffers no 
abatement in defeat. He is the most brilliant and original, if not 
altogether the safest financier of a great commercial country. 
His reputation for integrity is surpassed by that of no public 
man. On the contrary, all who act with him or have intercourse 



68 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

with him are struck with the essential simplicity of his charac- 
ter and his thorough singleness of purpose." 

The editor of the London Saturday Review has never visited 
Congress, nor any of our State Legislatures, when in session. 
We will not admit that Edward Everett is, in any of the ele- 
ments of an orator, inferior to any man now on tlie stage, nor to 
any who has preceded him. A benignant Providence bestows 
favors on all classes, and aJl countries, and all ages. To b»ing 
out tiients and bestow opportunities of signalizing men, is the 
special privilege of great commotions. 

The French Revolution and the American Revolution brought 
out men who were not surpassed — they had not been (-qualed — in 
all that great intellectual power can achieve. Progress is eternal. 

The books of science — the works of surpassing genius — that 
had not been written when the world was last in commotion, are 
now the daily food of the intellectual gormand. 

Science has opened realms, of which ancient sages, and 
prophet-?, and Shakspeares, with all their powers of imagination, 
never dreamed. 

A more beautiful charge never came from the lips of man — 
any man — than was recently delivered by a judge of one of our 
courts in a recent murder trial. The tribute paid to Dr. Dore- 
mus, and to science, tells us of the blessings conferred on man. 
No man of sensibility can read the charge without the tribute of 
a tear. When thoughts and words of surpassing beauty reach 
the heart, and find an echo there, they claim all the merit that 
intellect, and iiighest genius, and the most perfect scholarship 
can claim. Admiring crowds, held in breathless silence, testi- 
fied t'O painfully the impression made on sorrowing hearts. 
Deep emotion found relief only when words ceased to flow. 
High intellectual powers and the perfection of language are the 
boon bestowed on hundreds, if not on thousands ; no man can 
fairly claim them for a single individual, to the exclusion of all 
others. 

To conceive beautiful thoughts — to express them extempo- 
raneously in beautiful language — to use only the most appropriate 
word in its most appropriate place — is, we assert, the highest 
and best gift of the Deity. 

The possession of the power, when it is liberally bestowed, 
is the clear evidence whence it comes ; we know that God has 
placed it there. Whence comes the superstition about which 
men quarrel, hate, and kill each other 1 D es it come from 
those who gravely argue that Hottentots and Bushmen are all 
Gladstones and Everetts 1 Is the difiusion of truth, scientific 
truth, in opposition to exploded dogmas, of any benefit to the 
intellectual world ? Or is our view wrong ] 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 69 

The editor of the London Review is wrong in monopolizing 
for one man all of Heaven's best gifts — perhaps ! 

Griswold $2,000,000 

E. H. Gillilan & Brother 2,000,000 

Jasper Grosvenor (estate) 2,000,000 

Peter Goelet & Brother 2,000,000 

Seth Grosvenor (estate) 2,000,000 

M. Garcia 2,000,000 

Nephew^ of Peter Harmony. 

Grigg, Philadelphia 2,000,000 

Our correspondent informs us that Mr. Grigg is called one of 
the richest men in Philadelphia. Mr. G. is the father of Mrs. 
Fry, whose i7Z-assorted marriage has caused so much scandal. 
We recommend to,.the parties to U7itie the matrimonial k7iot im- 
mediately ; the result will be a virtuous life — a life that will 
restore peace to an afflicted circle. Matching, not pairing, is 
the highest boon that Heaven can bestow. 

If an evil spirit wished to turn the world into a desert, he 
would commence by instituting a privileged class of men without 
wives, and end by filling the world with women without hus- 
bands. The world would soon be full of Turks, and civilization 
would recede, as it did recede for ten centuries. Monks, with- 
out wives, are the sores that indicate the corruption concealed 
for a time, but not cured. He who does not know this, has 
not reached the alphabet in his study of human nature. If the 
world are to rely on supernatural aid to keep us pure, and are 
allowed to discard healthy influences, life will soon be as animal 
as it was in the dark ages. One man (we will not name him) 
has done more to keep from desecration the altars at which we 
worship than all the laws that canonists ever made. 

The New York Times, of March 31, 1859, has an article 
copied from the London Times, in which the writer expresses 
great surprise that we in this country should resort to the re- 
volver to settle difficulties that occur every week in Europe, and 
are ended there by calling for the aid of an attorney. 

We will inform the London editor that he kipiws nothing of 
the purity of our altars, and can know nothing while he lives 
where they can legally desecrate theirs. 

A man in England can keep his mistress in his own house, 
and if his wife is faithless in a single instance, even by his own 
contrivance, he can claim a divorce. Lawyers are familiar with 
these facts, but for fear that they may have forgotten the place, 
we refer them to the ;uit of Corbitt v. Poelnitz, 1 T. R., 5, and 
in Howard v. HefFer, 3 Taunf. P., 421, where it was decided 



TO WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

•' that the fact of the husband keeping a courtesan under his own 
roof with his wife, was not a sufficient cause to justify the wife 
in abandoning him !" A man in England ca.n Jiog his wife with 
a stick the size of his thumb. 

Persons not familiar with these subjects can borrow the New 
Lawyer and read the article on marriage and divorce, page 267, 
and they will no longer be in doubt why our social altars are but 
rarely desecrated. 

In New York, and fortunately in most of our States, a man 
can not commence a suit against his wife if his own hands are 
not stainless. 

Not so in England. By a recent law, made for facilitating 
divorce, the very cases that we have referred to are adopted as 
their statute law. Will any person tell us that our laws are no 
better than theirs ? A woman has no property, can have no 
property of her own, in England. Females here are our peers, 
equal in rights, equal in the power of holding independent 
estates, equal in intellect, equal in education, and vastly our su- 
periors in virtue. 

Such are the virtues and the intelligence of this age, that our 
juries have taken a step in advance of the laws and refused to 
convict when the morals of the time approve the act for which 
the delinquent is brought before them. We thank them for this 
innovation. We know of but one step more to make our domes- 
tic altars what Divinity would make them. We would arm the 
wife with full power to dispose of a faithless, polluted, life-de- 
stroying appendage. This innovation will bless the world when, 
and only when, fifty-two thousand men in France, and forty-five 
thousand in Spain, and many thousands in this country — an in- 
dependent class, elected by no society, owing allegiance to 
an earthly potentate only — are' compelled to marry, or to abdi- 
cate. 

It is not known to our readers that one of the most horrid 
murders recorded in an English court grew out of an incident 
much like ours at Washington, and in which was implicated an 
animal who claimed a high and holy calling. There are crimes 
that no laws can redress, and there are crimes which to allow a 
man to commit with impunity, is to desecrate domestic altars 
and to make both man and woman vile. 

Did the Boston jury convict the pastor that, like a breechy an- 
imal, broke into every man's pasture? He carried the lady 
parishioner with him to his lectures, and this luxury was, in his 
overflowing kindness, bestowed on all of his lady congregation. 
Was this animal invited to lecture before an audience of young- 
and virtuous persons of both sexes in this city while his hands 
were yet dropping filth ? A man with a passport in his pockety 



WEALTH OF THE WOULD. 71 

signed by superstition, could commit any crime in a supersti- 
tious age without the fear of punishment. 

An animal of that stamp could not be brought before a crim- 
inal court ; but a judge of a civil court could be brought before 
a bishop's court and hurled from his office by canon law. iVIen 
commit the crimes, and women suffer. Had the shnple hus- 
band in Boston placed some of Dupont's best behind a leaden 
pill, and had fire from heaven or from a percussion-cap ignited 
the sulphur and charcoal, while the muzzle of a revolver was 
near the thick skull of the animal, would the elevation and puri- 
fication of domestic life — the altar at which virtue must ever 
worship — been promoted ? Yes, or no, is the only answer. 

The pure morals of this age owe nothing to past or present 
superstition. They owe all to pure religion, to wise laws, to an 
elevated and pure judiciary, to intelligence widely diffused, to 
the prevailing and increasing disbelief in the supernatural, and 
to thorough education. 

Mr. Gray $2,000,000 

Married a daughter of M. Griswold, 

G. M. & Thos. Gibbes 2,000,000 

John Jacob Astor, the son of W. B., married the daughter of 
T. Gibbes. 

John C. Green $1,000,000 

Married Miss Griswold ; he made his money in Canton. 

Moses H. Grinnell $2,000,000 

Henry Grinnell 2,000,000 

Mr. Grinnell told our government that he considered them too 
mean to do anything for the glory of the country, and for that 
reason he would pay the expenses of fitting out Dr. Kane for his 
polar voyage. What are governments for, if they can not pay 
for s\xq]\ jobs as Kane's, Field's, and Cooper's ? 

Haven & Co $2,000,000 

Mr. Haven, of this firm, married the daughter of Mr. Griswold. 

Peter Hayden $2,000,000 

J. Hunt (estate) 2,000,000 

Wade Hampton (estate), Columbia, S. C 2.000,000 

John Haggerty 2,000.000 

C. A. Heckscher & Co 2,000,000 

T. Hoppin, Providence 2,000,000 

A. Hemmenway, Boston 2,000,000 

More in our next number of Mr. H. 



72 "WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

Harbeck & Co $2,000,000 

R. Ives (estate), Providence 2,000,000 

J. B. Johnston and A. Norie 2,000,000 

Anna Jenkins (estate), Providence 2,000,000 

D. Jayne & Son, Philadelphia 2.000,000 

Bradi.-,h Johnson 2.000,000 

Eugene Keteltas 2,000,000 

Joseph Kernochan ' 2,000,000 

Delancy Kane 2,000,000 

Married a niece of W. B. Astor. 

Ketchum, Howe & Co. . . 2,000,000 

Ambrose C. Kingsland 2,000,000 

Ex-Mayor : married the daughter of Geo. Lovett. 

D. C. Kingsland 2,000,000 

E. King 2,000,000 

R. King, Albany ' 2,000,000 

Robert Lenox (estate) 2,000,000 

A man of eminent talents and unusual integrity, and descended 
from nobility, as -we will show in another number. He left an 
estate so Iwrge that all the accumulation was to be given away ; 
this was the express condition of the will, and has been rigidly 
obeyed by Mr. James Lenox. Mr. Robert Lenox's estate was 
$2,000,000, but the same being in real estate, is now worth two 
or three times the original value. ^ 

Robert Kennedy (estate) . $2,000,000 

Mrs. K. was a Lenox. 

Robert L. Kennedy 2,000.000 

James Donaldson (estate) 2,000,000 

James Donaldson 2,000,000 

Mrs. Donaldson w^as a Lenox. 

Maitland (estate) 2,000,000 

Mrs. Maitland was a Lenox. 

R. L. Maitland 2,000 000 

J. W. Maitland 2,000,000 

Belknap 2,000,000 

Mrs. Belknap was a Lenox. 

William Banks (estate) 2 000,000 

Mrs. Banks was a Lenox. 
Jacob & Edward Little ,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 73 

When we have time to sketch a remarkable man, we shall 
take Jacob for our text. 

There was a time when priA^ate individuals did the express 
business for the country ; they filled their pockets with letters, 
and carried large packages of bank bills in their hands. In this 
way the writer once brought an immense package of money to 
Jaci>b from Boston. At this moment the daily deposits of Jacob 
in bank compare with the Rothschilds of London. The year 
that Schuyler knocked all stocks into a cocked hot, Jacob made 
$1,800,000 ! Nobody ever lost one cent by Jacob, except when 
they gambled. Jacob always holds the ace of trumps. Gam- 
blers will make a note of this. 

David Leavitt $2,000,000 

David imported a cargo of General Jacksons, Benjamin Frank- 
lins, and Thomas Jeffersons, all made of lead. The wicked gov- 
ernment officers tried to make David pay duties on the lead, and 
they went so far as to suggest the possibility that David placed 
in a fiery furnace our consecrated -pairiois. Works of art are free 
of duty, and David knew it ; he was right in not paying. 

If a man wants to make money, he must read law-books, such 
as Reuben Vose's New Lawyer and Law for the People. The 
first volume of this work is now published, and will be followed 
by one volume on the first of May each year. Ex-Judge Capron, 
Montgomery Gibbs, Ex-Judge Henry M. Hyde, George C. Gibbs, 
counselors-at-law, are the editors, and but few men are found in 
this city who are doing more business. The talented editors have 
answered 488 law questions — just such questions as every mer- 
chant is constantly calling on his lawyer to have answered. The 
first edition is sold, and the second is nearly ready for delivery. 
To increase the circulation of a work that is to appear every year, 
we offer to give 100 copies to 100 persons who will answer No, 
374 of the questions. 

The question is, " What lawyer delivered the speech from 
which the extract in the New Lawyer is taken ?" If answered 
correctly by a student, or by any person under twenty-one years 
of age, we will give him two copies. We hope the speeches of 
lawyers will be in demand ; there is no better reading, even 
in this ascetic age. 

There is not an editor in the State who has seen the New 
Lawyer that has not spoken well of the plan and of the execu- 
tion of the work. 

The New Lawyer contains 480 pages, and is published by 
Johnson & Browning, successors to J. H. Colton, 172 William 
Street, and by Reuben Vose, No. 42 Cedar Street. 

For the benefit of merchants — and it is for them that we 

4 



74 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

Avrite — we will here state that Benkard & Huttoii recently sold 
French prints at auction badly damaged. They had inserted in 
their terms of sale, " no deduction for manufacturers' imper- 
fections." The defendants in this case, Messrs. Rushmore, 
Cone & Co., refused to take the goods, and a suit was brought 
by Benkard &L Hutton for the full price of the prints. Many of 
our first lawyers were in doubt as to the legal and the trade in- 
terpretation of the words manufacturers^ imperfections or damage. 
Mr. Capron entertained no doubt, and he advised his clients to 
stand on their rights and refuse payment, and he obtained for 
them a verdict of vast importance to the merchants of this city 
and of the whole country. The decision has fixed the fact that 
at auction all may be sure of honest treatment, 

W. Beach Lawrence $2,000,000 

Mr. Lawrence is one of the most active members of the New 
York Historical Society. No merchant should omit to join a 
society which has contributed so much to the advancement of 
science and to the diffusion of authentic history. 

In coming times, the evidence of our rapid progress in wealth 
— of our political and religious freedom — of the justice of our 
laws — of the purity of our judiciary — are to be based on authen- 
tic history, or they will exceed belief. Mr. George H. Moore, 
Librarian of the Historical Society, and Mr. David T. Valentine 
have contributed largely to our authentic annals. We acknowl- 
edge our obligations to them. 

Lord & Taylor $2,000,000 

Walter Langdon 2,000,000 

Woodbury Langdon 2,000,000 

Both the latter are grandsons of John Jacob Astor, Sen. 

George Lovitt $2,000,000 

Ex-Mayor Kingsland and Mr. Gillender married his daughters. 

Lane, Lamson & Co $2,000,000 

Mulford Martin 2,000,000 

Mr. Martin made half his fortune by regular business, and the 
other half came from owning a farm in Brooklyn. Mr. Martin's 
word is as good as his bond. We wish there were more such 
men. 

L. G. Morris $2,000,000 

Married the daughter of Jacob Lorillard. 'Mrs. Morris is dead. 

Moffat $1,000,000 

G. N. Miller 2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. Yo 

John Munroe & Co $2,000,000 

Bankers in New York and Paris. Mr. J. Munroe married the 

daughter of Andrew T. Hall, Boston. 

Mora Brothers & Navarro $2,000,000 

This house has paid $1,000,000 in duties to the New York 

Custom-house in one year on sugar from Cuba alone. Moses 

Taylor and Spofford & Tileston have probably paid $2,000,000. 

How much will the country be assessed when we have paid for 

Cuba? 

Morse & Field & Jackson $2,000,000 

We confidently believe that Congress and the country will 
confer on these men more than our figures. We can name many 
men to whom the world is deeply indebted, but none in Europe 
or in this country have clauns to be compared with theirs. 
More in succeeding numbers. 

Matthew Morgan & Sons $2,000,000 

Charles Morgan 2,000,000 

R. M. Mason, Boston 2,000,000 

Son of Jeremiah Mason, the eminent New Hampshire lawyer 
— married the daughter of E. Francis. 

Robert B. Mmturn $2,000,000 

Sydney Mason 2,000,000 

Charles H. Marshall 2,000,000 

S. Norsworthy (estate) 2,000,000 

Silas M. Stilwell married the daughter of Mr. S. Norsworthy. 
Mr. Stilwell was the author of the Stilwell Act, which was a 
non-imprisonment act. This State, and the whole country, are 
deeply indebted to Mr. Stilwell for the earliest and best act in 
the whole progress of our humane legislation. Do all the world 
know that in Rome, five hundred years after the introduction of 
Christianity, a debtor was the slave of his creditor 1 The 
debtor and his who e family could be sold to slavery ! 

For eight hundred years after the introduction of Christianity, 
no man could make a will ; the Church took the whole estate 
for the benefit of the soul of the departed ! 

There was no legal marriage till the twelfth century, when it 
was made a sacrament by Pope Innocent III, Concubmage pre- 
ceded matrimony twrlve centuries ; during this time no woman 
was a wife in the modern sen^e of the term. 

A man could leave a wife when he pleased ; she had no re- 
course in law nor in the Church. We assert that no law, and 
no decision of any court, can be found for the. protection of fe- 



76 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

male virtue and her marriage rights, for the first twelve hundred 
years of the Christian era and of Catholic rule. 

The Emperor Charlemagne had nine wives before marriage 
was made a sacrament ; and Henry VIII. had six after marriage 
was a sacrament. What was the fate of fifteen queens when 
monks and canon law ruled all Europe ? If the wife was faith- 
less, as the husband always was, she was burned to death ! This 
was canon law, 

Henry VIII. sent to the block two queens on the charge of 
being impure before he married them ! These charges were not 
believed. Who believes — who can believe, that Anne Boleyn, 
the mother of Queen Elizabeth, was not chaste both before and 
after marriage ? 

In England, for ten centuries, lords of the manor had priv- 
ileges with the daughters of the occupants of their soil, even 
after the marriage of these daughters, to which we are not al- 
lowed to allude. The readers of law-books know what we mean. 
Are our in>titutions any better than the institutions that existed 
when saints abounded, and when Galileo was in the Inquisition ? 
Every man who, like Mr. Stilwell, assists to raise civilization 
above the barbarism of the ascetic ages — when monks ruled the 
world, and when mankind were, by ignorance and superstition, 
molded into worse than wolves and tigers — should be remem- 
bered while he lives, and have a monument erected to his mem- 
ory when lie dies. Have law-makers, or have ascetics made 
the world what it is '? Do we not now enjoy all that renders life 
and property secure — all that sweetens and elevates social ex- 
istence — all that raises equally, man and woman, almost to a com- 
munion with God, while yet on the footstool of omnipotence ? 
More of this subject if the writer outlives Mr. Stilwell. 

Millandon (estate). New Orleans $2,000,000 

S. J. Peters (estate), New Orleans 2,000,000 

J. J. Phelps 2,000,000 

J. N. Phelps 2,000,000 

Royal Phelps 2,000,000 

George D. Phelps 2,000,000 

A. G. Phe'ps (estate) 2,000,000 

A. G. Phelps, Jr. (estate) 2,000,000 

Phelps, Dodge & Co. . 2,000,000 

Daniel Parish . 2,000,000 

Susan M. Parish 2.000.000 

P. F. W. Peck, Chicago, ]J1 2,000,000 

Peter Pai ker, Boston 2,000,000 

James Parker, Boston 2,000,000 

C. M. Parker 2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 77 

Sons of John Parker, Boston, who never took but six per 
cent., and never lost a dollar, 

Charles H. Dabny ; Carpenter & Vermilye ; Grant 

& Barton ; and Gibbs, Watson & Gibbs $2,000,000 

These private bankers are in the front rank of virealth and re- 
spectability. Mr. C. H. Dabny is of the house of Duncan, 
Sherman & Co. The writer knew Mr. Dabny when, at twen- 
ty-one years of age, he married the daughter of Mr. Alexander 
Jones, of Providence, R. I. At this early time Mr. Dabny was 
the prime minister of Alexander Duncan, who had just received 
from Mr. C. Butler a fortune of $6,000,000, and half a dozen 
cotton factories. 

Carpenter & Vermilye are known by the name of the honest 
bankers ; they have made an immense fortune by half per cents, 
without risk. 

Grant & Barton succeeded to the business of Suydam & 
Jackson, and supplied our government with Indian blankets and 
Indian beads, and by charging the modest profit oi .one per cent., 
accumulated a fortune in a few years. Their banking business 
is immense. 

Mr. Grant married the daughter of Mr. Suyclam and Mr, Bar- 
ton married the daughter of the wealthy Timothy Whittemore. 

Gibbs, Watson & Gibbs advanced by degrees to their present 
high position. From their early business with two clerks, they 
have, since known by the writer, increased their business till ten, 
or more, are now employed in their extensive banking-house. 
In the panic of 1857 these banking-houses extended to others 
the aid so much needed by smaller houses. 

The collection business of Gibbs, Watson & Gibbs yields for- 
tunes. The merchants who have millions, and those who 
expect to make millions {and there is nothing easier if they pur- 
chase our looks and follow our directions), will do well to culti- 
vate an acquaintance with these bankers. In our disinterested 
benevolence, we intend to show exactly how all our rich bankers 
and rich merchants made their money, 

Richard Mortimer & John Mortimer $3,000,000 

D. Hoadly; Alexander Studwell ; Martin; and 

John Studwell 2,000,000 

Heckers 2,000,000 

These men gave to the poor and hungry 2,500 pounds of bread 
every day for one entire winter. Was not this charity more ju- 
dicious than giving the same amount to missionaries for preach- 
ing sermons to Sepoys, thick-skulled Chinamen, and Japanese, 
who have no word in their language that means matrimony ? 



78 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 



We will never use the word charity in our books without calling 
the name of Heckers. We believe these men make between 
300 and 400 barrels of flour, farina, and other delicacies every 
day in the year, Sundays excepted. We wish we knew person- 
ally men, whom to know would reflect so much cred'it on book 
publishers. We shall eat the luxuries that they manufacture as 
long as grocers sell on tick. 

As charity is our text, we will speak of J. W. Farmer, who 
gave dinners, good, wholesome dmners, during the severe win- 
ter of 1857, to all who came to eat them. This mechanic de- 
serves the thanks of every merchant in the city. We believe he 
is a plumber. No. 248 Broome Street. We hope professors will 
inquire for this moral man. What are the acts of our hfe that 
reflect the most credit on the individual, on society, on professing 
classes, and on millionaires 1 

Josiah Quincy & Josiah Quincy, Jr., Boston $2,000,000 

Two remarkable men : the father aged eighty, the son aged 
fifty. The elder is, not was, a statesman, patriot, orator, specu- 
lator, and gentleman. He was Mayor, President of Harvard 
College, member of Congress, a leading Federalist, judge of a 
court, and a lawyer, etc. 

At a caucus held in Fanueil Hall,*the cradle of liberty, Sunday 
evening, during the war of 1812, the following article, with oth- 
ers, was discussed : " It is unbecoming a moral and religious 
people to rejoice at the success of our arms against England, 
with whom we are engaged in an unjust war." Josiah Quincy 
made an eloquent speech, in which he urged the adoption of this 
article, and it was approved and indorsed by a unanimous vote. 
Mr. Quincy made $300,000 by one purchase of land sold by the 
injudicious city government. Josiah Quincy, Jr., has been 
Mayor of Boston, member of their State Legislature, and has 
filled numerous offices with credit to himself and to the city that 
he represented. He is remarkable for the wit and playful hu- 
mor which he infuses into all he says. More of these men. 

Mrs. T. A. Ronalds (estate) $2,000,000 

Daughter of Peter Lorillard. 

John Robbins 2,000,000 

Judge J. I. Roosevelt 2,000,000 

Roosevelt (estate) 2,000,000 

Charles H. Russell 2,000,000 

Riggs & Co., Washington, D. C 2,000,000 

Rennie, Neffie & Co., Philadelphia 2,000,000 

Edward Mott Robinson, New Bedford 2,000,000 

Peter Remsen (estate) 2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. Y9 

Robert Ray $2,000,000 

G. P. Rogers 2,000,000 

Smith, Crane & Co 2,000.000 

,Mr. Rutherford 2,000,000 

Mr. R. is a descendant of Governor Stuyvesant, and is called 
Rutherford Stuyvesant. He is a mathematician, and an astron- 
omer of unusual genius. His telescope is worth $10,000. If 
you would look through this wonderful instrument up to the 
heavens, on a clear night, you would express the astonishment 
never before experienced. If you do not admit that a Supreme 
Architect framed this universal temple, you may charge your 
infidelity to us. When will the world give to science the in- 
fluence that has been in the past ages monopolized by dogmas ? 

Professor John W. Schermerhorn $2,000,000 

Married widow Tonally. " Music from youth charms age, 
and lulls to sweet repose." 

Garret Storms (estate) $2,000,000 

Mr. G. Hoffman and Mr. Livingston married the two only 
daughters and only children. 

Joseph Sampson $2,000,000 

Spencer (estate) 2,000,000 

William Sturgis, Boston 2,000,000 

Mrs. Spencer 2,000,000 

John Steward (estate) 2,000,000 

S. Sturgis, Chicago 2,000,000 

Joshua Sears, Boston 2,000,000 

An only child, aged six years. 
Lispenard Stewart 2,000,000 

Alexander Stewart, father of Lispenard, married the only 
daughter of Lispenard, who owned a meadow extending from 
Walker to Canal streets, on which persons now living used to 
skate. Mr. L. Stewart married, for his first wife, the daughter 
of L. Sails, the French merchant in Water Street, who for years 
discounted all the auction paper of the city, 

Mrs. Stewart died; leaving, we think, two children. Mr. L. 
Stewart then married the daughter of W. C. Rhinelander, and 
has, we think, now five children. 

Rufus Story; Governor E. D. Morgan; Solon Hum- 
phreys ; and Morris Earl $2,000,000 

These men are too well known to accept an introduction from 
book publishers. No governor ever took possession of the chair 



80 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

of state with more popularity. Governor Morgan is a merchant, 
and we are bound to elevate them all, if we can. 

Mr. Story siiou d be remembered by all who drink coffee and 
o'da^'X luxuries. He came to the city a country boy. Recommenced 
business and purchased cofTee and spices by the sack ; he now 
rolls into his spacious warehouses cargoes from the East and 
West Indies. No merchant sustains a higher character for in- 
tegrity. 

G. Stuyvesant (estate) ^2,000,000 

We shall give the names of the seven generations of Governor 
Stuyvesant's descendants in our next number. We shall also 
give the names, and the sums on which taxes were assessed, in 
1653, amounting to 175 rich persons ! 

There were a few names that hold their place to this day : 
Gulian Verplanck is one. Jacob Leyslaer, who paid the largest 
tax, or nearly the largest,, aspired to the head of the govern- 
ment: as bold as Napoleon III., but less fortunate, he lost his 
life-^&y the gallows ! Our Shakspeare has immortalized this 
incident in the touching play of Jacob Leyslaer. We are not the 
only ones who have shed tears over the hard fate of Jacob. 

L. S. Suarez - $2,000,000 

Peter Harmony's nephew. 

James & Joseph Stuart 2.000,000 

Sturgis & Co 2,000,000 

This house made nearly $1,000,000 by the rise in sugar in 
1857. 

Storm ..$2,000,000 

B. H. Field ; McKesson & Robbins ; and Ward, 

Close & Co 2,000,000 

H. M. Shieffelin ; and ShiefFelin, Brothers & Co. ; 

and Mavor Tiemann 2.000,000 

Tiffany &'Co. ; and Ball & Black 2,000,000 

Thorn, Watson & Co 2,000,000 

F. Tudor, Boston 2,000,000 

Made a fortune in shipping ice to all the world, except the 
North Pule. 

Abraham Vannest $2,000,000 

John Van vorst 2,000,000 

Married Miss J and $500,000. 

Abraham R. Vannest 2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 81 

Michael M. Vanbeuren, $2,000,000 

Tliomas Ward,. . 2,000,000 

Winslow & Lanier, 2,000,000 

Eli White & Sons, 2,000,000 

John J. married Miss Wetmore, daughter of Prosper M. Wet- 
more. James L. married Miss Whitlock, daughter of W. W. 
Whitlock. Joseph M. married Miss Bishop, daughter of Japhet 
Bishop, and died in 1858. Mr. Eli White takes no part in the 
present business. Arthur White died in 185*7, leaving nearly 
$300,000. 

Henry Young, $2,000,000 

B. M. & E. A. Whitlock, 2,000,000 

These men drive four horses with their left hand, and with 
their right hand they distribute in charity the yellotv hoys to 
every suffering being. Men who make millions and spend them 
liberally, are quite as valuable members of society as misers. 

We ought not to make this comparison. Misers of high and 
loio degree hoard without enjoying ; they vegetate without living. 
The atmosphere around them is chilling to the heart ; the misfor- 
tunes of others find no sympathy ; the success of others is theif 
misery. Like gamblers, misers are shunned by the virtuous and 
the liberal. When dead the miser's pile brings discord ; quarrels 
make his posterity wretched — his memory hateful. 

Tho Messrs. Whitlocks have, by the success of a very large busi- 
ness and by fortunate sales of real estate in Vesey and Dey streets, 
&c., &c., accumulated with a rapidity hardly equalled in this or 
any other city. No merchants occupy a higher position — none are 
more esteemed. Wealth, like steam, must have a safety-valve, or 
when accumulated it would explode. If wealth should explode, 
we hope an aioful current will fall on us. We always stand close 
to rich men — when toe can. 
J, R. AVhiting ; C. W. & T. J. Moore ; Joseph 

Torry, and Hunt, Vose & Co $3,000,000 

Pennsylvania Coal Co. and H. G-. Silleck, $2,000,000 

The coal that we have always ordered of Mr. H. Gr. Silleck, in 
the 6th Avenue, corner of 39th-street. is equal to the best that is 
brought to this city. See his advertisement in this edition. 

L. M. Wiley ; A. V. Stout, and B. F. Camp, $2,000,000 

Harper & Brothers ; D. Appleton & Co. ; H. Dexter 

& Co., and Ross & Tousey, 3,000,000 

One and a half million dollars in literature annually pass through 
the hands of each of these houses. 

Wlien Bonner is able to print 500,000 pjtpers in a week, and 
26,000,000 in a year, at that time the whole city will print (we 
think) ten times as many as Bonner, or 260,000,000 of sheets. 

What will H. Dexter & Co. and Ross & Tousey make in one 
year, if they should receive one quarter of a cent on every paper 
issued from the New- York presses ? Small profits make millions. 



82 WEALTH OE THE WOELD. 

Benedict, Hall & Co. ; and Thorne $2,000,000 

One of these houses stands in the front rank of shoe dealers, 
and the other stands in the front rank of leather dealers. One 
of these merchants having more money than he wants, spends it 
in importing from Europe, horses, cows, sheep with Idfcg tails, 
with flat tails, and with no tails. His bulls without horns are as 
much dreaded in this country as the Pope's Bulls are in Europe. 
This capitalist is well known in Wall Street, and Jacob does not 
wish to make a lame duck of him while he imports only Bulls, 
but Jacob says no other Bear shall ever enter Wall Street. If 
these men should fight, we shall be compelled to stand by our 
Quaker friend; but since men used rifles, we have disliked the 
smell of gunpowder. The first President Adams said, during 
Napoleon's wars, that Europe held the cow by the horns, while 
the United States milked her. This was a figure of speech ; 
he meant that, while Europe was fighting, we had the commerce 
of the world. It now becomes an interesting question for anti- 
quarians, whether there were any cows in those days without 
horns 1 If there were, then half the beauty of the learned Presi- 
dent's metaphor is lost. We shall investigate a subject of such 
pointed interest. 

H. K. Corning, New York $2,000,000 

Mr. Corning was the oldest son of Capt. E. K. Corning, an old 
and highly respected ship-master of this port. Father and son 
have been the principal importers of India-rubber mto the United 
States, and have held almost an entire monopoly of the business 
for a quarter of a century. We have many mteresting reminis- 
cences of old Capt. Corning, which the limit of this work forbids 
our recording. 

Next in point of wealth among the India-rubber men comes, 
Horace H. Day, who, besides his wealth, is a remarkable man. 
He has been the greatest litigant in the world's history. The 
number of his suits at law and in equity exceeds four hundred, 
at a cost of over one million of dollars. He is the father of the 
rubber manufacturers in the United States, and commenced in 
1827 or '28. He was a poor Massachusetts boy, who strayed 
away from among the mountains of Berkshire at ten years of age. 
He educated and sustained himself, and commenced business on a 
capital of tiventy-two cents, at the age of nineteen. It was in a 
shop twelve feet square, in Church Street, New Brunswick, N. J. 
He has had many l-everses, but never failed to pay dollar for 
dollar, with interest. He has given away hundreds of thousands 
to help others, and has an ample fortune left, variously estimated 
from $500,000 to $1,000,000. 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 83 

Wood Brothers ; and Hon. Wm. Wright $2,000,000 

We are preparing a lengthy sketch of the Hon. Wm. Wright. 
No man has filled so many places of high responsibility with so 
much credit to himself and so acceptably to his friends and to 
the electors of his State. 

Messrs. Wood Brothers are among the oldest, most enter- 
prising, and most wealthy manufacturers of our wealthy city. 
Their manufactory, at Bridgeport, Conn., covers an area of nearly 
two acres, and employs through all panics between 300 and 400 
men. It is the largest establishment of the kind in the world, — 
we think. Three partners have retired at intervals, carrying 
with them fortunes. For twenty-five years a stream of wealth 
has been poured into the pockets of these manufacturers, and 
liberal wages have positively enriched the artisans of genius, 
who have embellished the coaches of the most wealthy merchants 
of all our cities. In the sale stable, once the Coliseum of this 
city, in the Sixth Avenue, near the Reservoir Square, may be 
seen the, state coach made for William IV. of England, and 
imported by the great Barnum. In the center of the immense 
sales room of Messrs. Wood Brothers, surrounded by 100 car- 
riages, may be seen a perfect gem — a coach of surpassing beauty. 
This coach is to be tenanted — by a lady millionaire — we pre- 
sume. When the antique of " royalty" is compared with the 
taste and beauty of the modern style, the award will be in favor 
of the genius that planned, and the art that constructed and em- 
bellished this -perfect coach. As we are conferring titles on the 
wealthy and the virtuous, ive shall expect all to purchase coaches 
of the style that we recommend. Nobility will make a note of this. 
Where can peers obtain their coat of arms except from us 1 We 
shall give this house an order immediately for a coach, to be ready 
the moment we have sold all the Wealth of the World. 
What rich man will take a ^ide with us ? DorUt all speak at once. 

Hon. Geo. Eustis $2,000,000 

Married Miss Louisa Morris Corcoran, only daughter of W. 
W. Corcoran, Esq., Washington city. * * * * 'Y\\e. ap- 
pointed hour was eight o'clock; and before that hour the select 
circle invited to witness the ceremony had arrived, and were re- 
ceived by Mr. Corcoran. The house was profusely decorated 
with rare exotics grouped in high pyramids, filling vases or fo'm- 
ed into baskets or bouquets ; and myriads of wax lights added to 
the brilliancy of the gas. Everything was done that could have 
been done to give eclat to the scene ; yet Bishop M Ilvaine who 
had been invited, for " auld acquaintance" sake, to officiate, was 
not in the palace. He probably was accidentally detained; and 



84: WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

Rev. Dr. Pyne, of St. John's Church, was invited at a late hour 
to perform the ceremony. 

At eight o'clock Mr. Corcoran stepped into an adjoining room, 
and soon reappeared with Dr. Pyne in full canonicals. Eager- 
ly was his invitation to repair to the picture gallery accepted ; 
but we doubt if any one of the crowd which followed him thither 
was prepared for the impressive and beautiful tableau which 
presented itself. 

At the farther end of the gallery, as a presiding divinity, was the 
exquisite Grecian Slave of Powers, surrounded by the rarest 
exotics, pure and white as the eloquent marble itself. Before 
the pedestal, however, were dense clusters of scarlet azalias, 
which formed an effective background for the bride, who was, 
of course, the " observed of all observers." Never was there a 
more lovely bride at the altar of Hymen, and never did she ap- 
pear more beautiful. Rather small, with a full face, expressive" 
eyes, and graceful carriage, her portrait then would have been 
loveliness personified. She wore one of the marvelous combi- 
nations of modern mantua-making, which almost baffles descrip- 
tion. The dress was of white silk, which was entirely covered 
with puffed tulle, over which was a bertha and a triple-flounced 
skirt of the richest point applique lace. Orange-blossoms decked 
her corsage and her hair, a bridal vail'of rare lace hung in heavy 
folds, and glistening diamonds, her father's gift, set off her attire. 

The bridegroom is a slender, gallant-looking young fellow, 
combining the grace of his paternal ancestors with his French 
suavity of manner. Next the bride was her cousin. Miss Hill, 
who, as the first bridemaid, wore white flowers in her hair ; and 
Mr. Eustis was flanked by his younger brother. On either side 
were three couples of the remaining dozen attendants. Sidney 
Webster, Esq., well-knOwn as the private secretary of President 
Pierce ; M. Caraille Dollfus, Second Secretary of the French 
Legation ; Messrs, Wright and Mills of the House of Represen- 
tatives ; and Mr. Bates, of Boston, formed a fine array of grooms- 
men. Of course they all sported the bridal favor in their button- 
holes. As for the remaining bridemaids, Misses Fay, Corcoran, 
Campbell, Howe, Pennington, and Grow — uniformly attired in 
white, studded with tiny pink bouquets — they reminded us of the 
poet's description of the queen's attendants : 

A scene less fair as modern poets tell, 
May induce the wretched baclielor to rebel. 
Intellect, genius, every grace — 
Almost angelic — descended on the place. 
While scenes so fair charmed all on earth, 
Heaven smiled, and consecrated their happy birth. 

Dr. Pyne stopped a few paces in front of the couple about to 



'wealth of the woeld. . 85 

be wedded, Mr. Corcoran standing at his right hand, just in his 
rear, the attendants being on either side. The gallery was filled 
with witnesses of this imposing ceremony. Never was the ritual 
of the Church more impressively read. Mr. Corcoran gave the 
bride away ; the wedded couple knelt upon two prayer-cushions 
placed before them ; and no sooner had the clergyman said 
"Amen !" than they sealed the rite with a kiss. 

Then commenced the congratulations. Next after Mr. Cor- 
coran was the venerable grandmother of the bride, Mrs. Com- 
modore Morris, with three of her daughters, all of them, we believe, 
the wives of surgeons in the navy. A life of happiness for the 
lovely couple was the invocation that from every heart went up to 
Heaven. 

Silas C. Herring & Co $2,000,000 

If there is a man in this city who has no enemy, it is Silas C. 
Herring. If we were asked to name half a dozen inventors in 
this city who had the strongest claim to the gratitude of their 
fellow-citizens, we should name Morse, Hoe, Hyatt, Herring, 
Hewitt & Co., and Bogardus. In old times, Mr, Delano made safes 
in Water Street, and the world was safe in asserting that every 
article placed in one of his ti?i boxes would be burnt up — if a f re 
should happen. A kind Providence seems to have sent Herring 
here to make his large safes, before the California flood made 
small safes, like small pockets — out of fashion. We all know 
that a safe twenty feet square will hold 2,904 millions of dollars 
in gold cubes ; this is more than all the gold coi7i in the world. 
The safes built in walls are now abandoned as failures. Two 
safes like the one built by Herring for the Broadway Bank would 
not only hold all the gold coin in the world, but, we think, would 
hold half the silver coin also. Mr, Herring's factory feeds as 
many men as any factory in the city. A book, a bank-bill, a 
note of hand, a deed of a store, a valuable contract, was never 
lost by a merchant who had in his store one of Herring's modern 
safes. We shall keep the whole of our pile of gold, the proceeds 
of the W'EAhTH OF THE World, in one of Herrin'gs safes. We 
hid robbers welcome to get it if they can. We know very well, 
that, as easy as it is to make money now-a-days, by our direction, 
it is easier to steal it, if it is deposited in common safes. , We 
notify our readers, once for all, that if they only follow our direc- 
tions, they loill always be safe. Of course they will.' We shall 
send Mr. Herring our patent of nobility ; he is a Red Diamond ; 
we admit him to our peerage. ^ 

George Douglass, of Douglass Farms $2,000,000 

George Douglass, and Benj. Douglass, his son 2,000,000 



86 . WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

Mr. Benj. Douglass is sole proprietor of the Mercantile Agency, 
Nos. 314 and 316 Broadway. If a stranger who visits our city 
will look into this ojffice, where 150 men are driving the quill, he 
will be able to form some idea of the mercantile transactions of 
the city. What must be their extent, when the merchants pay 
to this institution $300,000 to $400,000 every year, to know the 
wealth of each other? A merchant in London can not safely 
accept the draft of his correspondent in America till he calls at 
the office of Mr. Douglass. More respecting this house in our 
next number. 

Cortland Palmer ; and Moreau Delano $2,000,000 

Asa Otis; John Brandiger ; Wm. Billings; Aeons 
Barris ; Thomas W. Williams ; F. B. Loomis ; 
Ezra Chappell ; Noyes Billings ; Joseph Leonard 

—New London 2,000,000 

R. Hoe & Co. ; and George Bruce 2,000,000 

Mr. Hoe is placed by us in the same category with Coperni- 
cus, Galileo, Newton, Leverrier, Morse, and Jackson. If Mr 
Hoe had been born in the dark ages, he would certainly have 
lost his life on the charge of diflusing science among men. 
While a prosy orator is yet speaking in Congress, the reporters 
for the associated press will send his speech to New York, and 
Hoe's presses will send 500,000 copies to the four quarters of 
the globe. We mean to write a sermon on Hoe, and take Hoe- 
handle for our text. Mr. Hoe has bought out Messrs. J. Adams 
& Co., of Boston, at an expense of $200,000 ; now all the 
Fields of law and the Fields of science will smile in beauty, for 
the cultivation will be done by 07ie Hoe. 

As we have alluded to inventors and inventions, we shall 
mention a few artists who are worthy of all the patronage that 
we can obtain for them. As a Stereotyper and Electrotyper in 
all their various branches, Vincent Dill stands in the front rank 
of his profession. Any person who wishes to have a beautiful 
book, may be sure of obtaining of him a perfect specimen of the 
ornamental art. We have seen English and French books with- 
out number, but never a more perfect book than came from the 
establishment of Mr. Dill. We shall speak of Mr. Bruce and his 
great wealth in edition A A. 

Manuel X. Harmony $2,000,000 

Nephew of Peter Harmony, and, till lately, a partner in the 
firm of Peter Harmony's Nephews. 

George & Brother ; A. Melvin ; and L. Andrews. . . $2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 87 

The Georges now deal in " soles" but their great wealth came 
from the bowels of the earth. By the aid of steam, they raised 
millions of copper ore from the richest mines in the world — the 
mines of Cuba. The value of these mines is $200,000,000. 
We can not, for fifty cents, afford to tell our readers all we know 
about Cuba. The readers of the Wealth of the World are 
all educated persons, and if they could hear Mr. George discuss 
the vast resources of Cuba, they would down loith the fifty cents 
in advance for edition A A, which is to explain fully the philos- 
O'pher's stone that turned their copper into gold. 

All we have to say of Mr. Andrews and Mr. Melvin is, that 
they are regarded as -peaceable citizens. High Constable Tal- 
madge has never intimated to us any desire to take the likeness 
of these men. We go further. We positively assert that we 
never heard of their cow-hiding any person ; but the cow-hides 
that they have passed into other hands, would flog all the rogues 
in New York through half the world. Mr. Andrews is a philos- 
opher, as well as a great capitalist. He is now studying, with 
profound interest, the institutions of Europe. When we receive 
his letters, we shall tell our readers all about the working-classes 
of Europe, and the miserable beings who have no work. An 
ani?nal of great renown (imaginary or real) has visited Europe, 
but with him cow-hiding was no joke. A lady was in the case, 
and the laying on left scars on his back and flaws in his good 
fame, which will not wear out. We shall always speak well of 
a lady who, under all circumstances and at all hazards, repels 
the unholy approaches of an animal. Mr. Andrews learned, be- 
fore he went to Europe, that wives were sold in Smithfield 
Market with a cord around their neck. He knew, for all well- 
read men know, that you may there cow-hide a looman ! This 
we positively assert is or was law. If common report does not 
tell fibs, two of the best novelists of England have used this 
wholesome discipline on the backs of their spouses. One fact is 
not disputed — these men had one extra wife at one time. That 
one wife? of each of these eminent men ran away is well authen- 
ticated. Now, if the nobility of England must have two wives, 
and must flog them, would it not elevate civilization to have 
England adopt our Southern institutions 1 If the world admits 
(we do not) that a. man must have two wives, and may cow-hide 
them when he pleases, Mr. Andrews will make a good specula- 
tion in shipping cow-hides; and we are sure all the rich Swamp- 
ers will ship to England their large stocks. When Mr. Andrews 
sends us his notes, we shall write a chapter expressly for politi- 
cal economists and patriotic ministers. We shall explain with 
true pathos why eighty per cent, of the European babies die, and 
why ninety per cent, of our beautiful colored babies live. If we 



88 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

should allude to the rum-holes, and the slight mortality of nearly 
half the New York babies, it will not be with a view to check 
the enthusiasm of Dr. Cheever. We admire to hear him pray, 
by the half hour, for the beautiful colored babies. It is perfectly 
clear to us, that his prayers save the lives of the colored babies. 
If he should pray for New York white babies, ragged schools 
would be abandoned ; the excess of population would discourage 
all the humane efforts of our most valued wives and daughters. 
The great Malthus said, " If babies did not die, there would be 
no bread for grown-up babies?'' Is there not a place where black 
babies increase faster than white ones ? We never heard of 
black babies of any age being starved. We once found a white 
baby in an alley, in New York, that was starved to death ! We 
can not afford to drop a subject out of which omv patriotic minis- 
ters manufacture so much capital. We intend to perpetrate more 
than one joke, in which our own party will be the '■'■Butts." Our 
'' illustrious predecessors" in the editorial world defend their ene- 
mies and abuse their friends, and boast of " Independence" as 
the great merit of editorship. A respectable joker finds materials 
so thick around him that he can not jump over them. To him 
the whole world appears to be a joke^ and nothing truthful, 
nothing abiding in it. The ascetic sees a death's head and 
bloody bones in every incident of life — social, political, religious. 
The duty of politicians is to abuse each other, and to spread dis- 
cord over these fair realms. Ours is the more agreeable task of 
showing what good institutions, wealth, and happiness have been 
bestowed on our glorious country. Any person who wishes to 
know our politics — worCt find out. We have no politics. Like 
the bill-of-fare in our modern hotels, we change every day in 
the week, and Monday morning we commence a new circuit. Those 
who ramble with us 'shall have our jokes cheap ; and if they can 
gather a flower, we will thank the owner of the garden from 
whom we have culled it. We want more gardens, more of 
that flower of which botanists tell us there are nearly 500 
varieties, and not one without a delicious perfume. Why should 
we turn gardens into deserts? Has not nature strewed every 
path with roses ? For whom does nature wear a perpetual 
smile 1 In closing this interesting paragraph, we will just men- 
tion to visitors from the country, that Dr. Cheever preaches on 
UNION Square. As wicked as we are, we attend nearly all 
his religious lectures, to which the combined piety of the city in- 
vites the attention of all lovers of UNION, We recommend 
them to our readers ; we find them very refreshing. We almost 
believe that we are to be saved — from all taint. We hope our 
readers will never despair of the country. We shall always 
assist the venerable Doctor when we, in imagination, see the 



WEAI.TH OF THE WORLD. 89 

world on his back, while he is rowing up stream with one oar. 
We shall give the world some notice before we abandon the 
UNION, as rats do a sinking ship. 

G. F. Nesbitt ; and M. O. Roberts $2,000,000 

We unite these names for the reason that they are in one 
sense public men. The writer knew Mr. Nesbitt when he was 
worth, we think, two dollars. He now supplies the Postmaster- 
General with envelopes to the extent of more millions annually 
than we can accurately express in figures. A man of more 
genius, more enterprise, more integrity can not be named. 

Mr. Roberts has not only made a fortune, but he has spent 
large sums in filling his mansion with works of art. When we 
visit the splendid collection of paintings that adorn the mansions 
of our citizens, we are in danger of overrating the value of 
wealth. Can any person estimate its value who does not know 
how to spend it in promoting the, happiness of others ? Who 
has not heard of the paintings of Mr. Roberts, the marbles of Mr. 
Lenox, the galleries of Mr. Belmont, Corcoran, Harrison, Niblo, 
Haight, and Aspinwall ? If these lines are read by one person 
of taste, we say to him, go to the Historical Society's rooms and 
inspect the marbles that were made thousands of years before 
our Saviour was born ! No person can prove that they were not 
chiseled before the date assigned in history as the time of the 
universal deluge. If you possess one spark of sensibility you 
will acquaint yourself with the face of Mr. Lenox, and you will 
bow to him as you pass, unknown to him as you may be. The 
lessons that these marbles could read to you would rouse your 
feelings to ecstasy, or melt your heart to tears. These marbles 
can be seen for the moderate charge — of nothing. When you 
visit the splendid rooms of the Historical Society, ask the priv- 
ilege of shaking the hand of Mr. Moore ; till 5'ou have made this 
visit you are not New Yorkers — we will not own you. An earlier 
monument of the world's antiquity can be seen nowhere in Eu- 
rope, nor in Asia, which was the cradle of our race. A mer- 
chant who does not join this Society — is no merchant. 

We have all just read (May 10, 1859) the death of Dr. Ab- 
bott, the eminent antiquarian, who collected the Egyptian 
antiquities now in this city. We say, with pain, that we do not 
believe that one tenth part of our rich men have seen this collec- 
tion of Almanacs of an early world. These curiosities cost Dr. 
Abbott the labor of a lifetime and $110,000, and he died a vic- 
tim to his love of science and the investigation of history, the 
most ennobling of all our studies. If every merchant will send 
five dollars to the Historical Society, this valuable record of the 
world's youth and age will be ours forever. Mr. Lenox gave 



90 WEAXTH OF THE WOKLD. 

$5,000 for the Nineveh marbles, and presented them to the 
Society, to the city ; they will forever transmit the name, the 
munificence, the virtues, the public spirit of the rich men of this 
age. Can we be censured for recording names that all would 
record on columns as imperishable as are the records of an age 
of which nothing beyond them, nothing earlier remains for us to 
study. 

These marbles suggest the following texts, on which we will 
write sermons if the world will read them : 

1st. What nation chiseled these wonderful marbles'? 

2d. ¥/hat was the mythology of a nation that placed an eagle's 
head on a man's body ? 

3d. What language did a nation use that is now concealed in 
the cuneiform or arrow-headed letters of these tablets. 

4th. What nations covered with dense population the garden 
of the world ? 

5th. To what circumstance is the entire depopulation of those 
countries to be attributed 1 

6th. How far back in the history of these marbles does authen- 
tic history guide us? 

7th. What mighty nations do we know once existed and 
destroyed each other, while these marbles were quietly reposing 
beneath the dust '? 

8th. What number of persons have appeared on this earth for a 
momeiit, and passed off to entire extinction, or to happiness, or 
to unutterable misery % 

9th. What is the teaching of Philosophy? 

10th. What is the teaching of Theology? * 

The arts and their patrons are our text. In this city there 
works an humble artist of no ordinary merit; he is an ornament 
to our city. In this age of wealth the collection of antique coins 
has become with some antiquarians a passion. One of these 
lovers of the curious recently offered to pay us $10 for a Wash- 
ington cent of the date of 1791. This antiquarian has, in nu- 
merous instances, paid one dollar for an old cent, and has nearly 
completed his cabinet of curiosities. 

We admire this man's taste, and we ask every person to add 
to their own happiness by imitating him. Our artist iias pro- 
duced a medal commemorating the Brooklyn water celebration. 
It is a beautiful work of art ; he worked night and day on his 
steel dies, to complete a work in season that he knew would re- 
flect credit on his genius, and would, he hoped, hand his name 
down to posterity. Did he make $2,000 by a work that no 
other person could furnish ? — is a question submitted to us by 
our readers. He lost all his time and $100, is our answer. The 
aldermen of Brooklyn, before the medal was completed, thought 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 91 

the city would take hundreds, if not thousands. The medal, in 
a superb case, was completed in season, and shown to them. 
They ordered half a dozen ! 

If our artist had written a book, and advocated the dogmas of 
the dark ages, he would have obtained thousands of dollars from 
Brooklyn. 

This hufnble man of genius is now engraving a medallion of 
Edwin Forrest, our American tragedian, and he has paid a large 
sum for a likeness which he is now copying. The likeness is 
perfect. Will our millionaires allow him to lose his time and one 
hundred dollars, while they are offering ten dollars for an old 
cent ? 

Literature, the arts, scientific investigation, architecture of the 
highest order, paintings, elegant engravmgs, photographs, litho- 
graphs, daguerreotypes, all have the interest that is so salutary in 
refining the taste and in cultivating the intellect. We need these 
aids — we need all the works of highest genius and highest art, 
to draw us from the gloomy speculation which dwarfs the intel- 
lect — drives the young to gloomy asceticism — deprives them of 
all innocent enjoyments — and shrouds, as with a pall, all that 
should make life brilliant and happy. 

A word to those persons who have taste to discover and reward 
genius. Call at the office of Mr. Demarest, whose card is in 
this Wealth of the World. His engravings may be equaled, 
but they can not be surpassed; the seals that he cuts and the 
medallions that he engraves are perfect gems. If you would 
have works of surpassing genius, you must reward genius ; you 
must look for it, encourage, and sustain it. Our eminence in 
wealth, in civilization, in the arts and sciences, will, in future 
ages, be estimated, not by our asceticism, not by our republican- 
ism, not by our democracy — they will be estimated by our medals, 
by our marbles, by our splendid mausoleums, by the evidences 
of genius that we may transmit to our children and our children's 
children. 

Rothschilds $ 100,000,000 

The first name recorded in the Wealth of the World was 
Rothschild, the last recorded is Rothschild. While our work 
was in the printer's hands Europe has resumed her natural con- 
dition. Italy is the fairest portion of Europe, and since the 
earliest date of authentic history has been the theater of war. 
Prior io the introduction of Christianity, the wars of conquest 
were in other nations. Rome conquered all nations, and in 
obedience to the laws of nature and of God, she sunk herself in 
ruin. After the introduction of Christianity, Rome built a new 
empire, based on superstition, and, as if to enforce retributive 



92 WEAl.TH OF THE WOELD. 

justice, her flood-gates have been frequently raised, and torrents 
of blood have flowed from human hearts. 

Rome, by her Pontifl", has spread ruin over the loveliest plains 
that virere ever trod by man. From mountains that were made 
for the exaltation of man, have flowed streams purpled with hu- 
man gore. The Red Dragon of Sin seemed the scourge sent by 
God, which was never to be appeased. The beautiful'theories of 
peace societies and peace makers — the theories of Christianity 
and of Christians, are pocketed by statesmen and kings, and the 
Demon of War stalks forth to gloat himself and sleep, till hunger 
shall again arouse to conflict and to the destruction of our race. 

We hear our readers ask, " What has superstition to do with 
this war ?" We answer, " Superstition caused this war." 
Catholic Europe has been bound by chains that intellectual men 
would not endure ; to throw off" these chains has caused the 
mighty conflicts that have so often convulsed Europe and the 
world. Intellectual men saw Europe ruled by a union between 
dishonest kings and more dishonest ecclesiastics, and between 
two millstones the people were ground to dust. 

Till the time of Henry the Eighth (1515), all the laws of 
England were both made and administered by a class of men 
standing in exactly the same relation to society that the Catholic 
priests of this and every other country stand to the people of 
their charge. An ecclesiastical dynasty governed Church and 
State ; it was a religious or superstitious government ; and a 
greater scourge could not have afflicted humanity. Canon laws 
— laws made by popes, cardinals, and priests — are at this mo- 
ment the laws of half Europe. Sir Thomas More (1530) was 
the first Lord Chancellor of England who had not been a priest. 
Three hundred years ago, the attempt by the people to make 
laws for themselves was, for the first time, attended with partial 
success in England, but in no other country. 

These attempts to wrest the power from ecclesiastics and to 
use it for their own benefit will continue while education pro- 
gresses, while superstition is dissipated, while science elevates 
the human intellect ; may we not add, as long as man has a head 
to contrive and hands to point a giin ? More than twelve years 
ago the Italians rose upon the Pope, and in the outbreak a car- 
dinal lost his life. The Pope, alarmed for his own safety, 
escaped to Gaeta, and there remained till escorted back by one 
army from France and another from Austria. These two holy 
armies have kept the Pope on his throne, but they have had 
bloody fights among themselves. For an expression used by 
Earl Derby, read page 16 of this work. 

We assure our readers that we have posted ourselves as far 
as we were able, and we confidently believe that superstition, 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 93 

and the desire of the privileged classes — the Pope, and the im- 
mense number of the ecclesiastics who compose an independent 
body above the people, and in no way subject to the people — to 
- retain their power, was the first cause of the present war. Our 
views will be illustrated by an imaginary case. What would be 
said by the electors of the United States if the President should 
make Archbishop Hughes Chief Justice of the United States, 
and give to him the decision of every intricate law question that 
is now referred to the Supreme Court at Washington ? Are not 
a large and respectable class now censuring the decisions of 
that court? Would they be better satisfied with a judge, how- 
ever honest, who knew nothing of law, but was well versed in 
intrigue ? 

If the President were to make this appointment, a state of 
things would exist exactly like that of Europe for 1515 years. 
In 1515, Cardinal Wolsey was deciding all the law cases of 
England, and all the cases that were referred to him by the Cath- 
olic States, Catholic kings, and the pious Pope. Archbishop 
Hughes has the talents of Wolsey, and the eyes of Argus ; he 
not only sees and reads all things, but he writes npon all sub- 
jects, and, like the Pope, he admonishes and threatens, and 
does he not sometimes call hard names ? With due deference 
for the high position of the Archbishop, we would humbly sug- 
gest that his qualities would better fit him for a Pope, than a 
judge of our highest Court. 

The names that we have placed at the head of this article are 
celebrated in the history of modern Europe. For nearly half a 
century it has been said by European statesmen, that no nation 
dared to embark in a war till its rulers had the approval of the 
Rothschilds. We are sorry to say that we do not believe the 
remark to be true in this war. We do not believe that one of 
the five brothers and cousins has approved this step of Austria. 

We wish to see the Pope run away once more, and we do not 
wish to see him replaced on his throne by Austrian bayonets. 
A cousin of Napoleon III. has married the daughter of a king of 
an Italian State ; we hope every alliance and every birth will tend 
to the freedom of Italy, and the destruction o? superstition and the 
tyranny that attends it. Italy is the fairest portion of the world. 
Her entire freedom is an aspiration of every patriotic heart on 
both sides of the Atlantic, and over the whole world. 

Intellect, religion, literature, holy associations, the love of God, 
and the love of justice, all, all conspire to prompt a prayer for 
her deliverance from tyranny, and for her acceptance in full com- 
munion among the free nations of the earth. The writer is in- 
formed, by one of our most wealthy bankers, that the Rothschilds 
took on their own account all, or nearly all of the recent Aus- 



94 WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 

trian loan of $30,000,000, on which the Bank of Vienna was 
based, and the Austrian government p/aceti in funds. 

Within the last month, the bonds received by the Rothschilds, 
from the Austrian government, were sent to their house in Lon- 
don, and there the books were opened and a profit confidently 
expected. Not one dollar was taken of this i?nmense loan ! Shall 
we be told that the Rothschilds counseled this war ? Were they 
not, as well as all other capitalists, taken by surprise ? Will not 
their losses be millions and millions ? 

It has been known for some time that, in addition to Church 
difficulties, other difficulties had arisen among European Courts. 
After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, a Congress of all the States 
made a new map of Europe, assigning jneies and bowids to large 
and small States ; some of which were unwillingly assented to, 
and would not have been accepted by the disaflected States, if 
they had not intended to gain strength and then fight. The 
smaller Italian States were always well stocked with patriots, 
and, like Ireland, would always fight on their own responsibility, 
if the larger powers did not hold a whip over their head. For 
the peace of Europe, these small but brave States were placed 
under the guardianship of the larger States, and those on one 
side of the Po were consigned to Austria. As these hoys grew 
up to manhood, they were not willing to stand by their o\A fogies'' 
contract. They went for the " higher law" — the law higher 
than compulsatory contracts ; the law that allows all to fight on 
their own account whom they please, as did the barons of the 
middle ages. The only law was the law of might, and terra 
firma, like the ocean, was ruled by whales, and minnows had to 
keep in shoal water, or become, by thousands, a dinnex for the 
whales. 

Austria, like the United States, is a confederation of States, 
and not, like France, a homogeneous people. Half a dozen 
languages are spoken in Austria, and no one citizen can travel 
over their vast dominions and converse with the dissimilar nobles 
and peasants. We generally regard Austria as a part of Germany, 
but half the Austrian States are beyond Germany, as we see 
Germany on the most of our maps. Austria, Prussia, and Rus- 
sia divided Poland between them, and quarreled with each other, 
alleging that they did not get all they had stolen. Hungary is 
nearly as large as all the other Austrian States. Four hundred 
years ago, when the Turks invaded Hungary, she was glad to 
form a confederacy with Austria, to protect themselves. Hun- 
gary furnished her share of kings of Austria, and always had her 
own representative government. Hungary was never conquer- 
ed and held in subjection by Austria ; she was, more properly, 
Austria herself. 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 95 

The opponents of Kossuth, in Hungary and in the Austrian 
States, begged him to desist ; they told him that, as an editor of 
a paper, he had raised a whirlwind that he could not direct, 
and that if he succeeded in his plans, he would only transfer 
Vienna to Buda ; and the smaller Austrian States would be 
^bdued and become the colonies of Hungary. 

Such is the nature oi '■'■Freedom" and such the sympathy with 
it in every heart, that if one of our States should adopt the 
" higher law," and disregard binding contracts, and fight thirty- 
one States, half of Europe would, like the noble La Fayette, 
fight for freedom with that State. This is glory. This is patri- 
otism. This is the love o^ freedom ; and we do but obey our 
natural impulses placed by God in patriotic hearts. Is there a 
person familiar with history who does not say with us, that every- 
where (can we except the United States ?) fighting and dissen- 
sion, disaffection and discord, are bound fast in our nature, sepa- 
rating by a slow but fatal process (it may be for good, it may be 
for evil) the States that, but for one element, might progress in 
happiness, and glory forever? 

The German territories of the Austrian Union are the Arch- 
duchy of Bohemia, Moravia, Styria, Illyria, Tyrol. Lower 
Austria, Austria below the "Ems, forms the metropolitan division, 
and is in the delightful valley of the Danube, bounded on both 
sides by hills and mountains, over which the traveler roams 
charmed with scenery formed by God for the delight of man. 
No reflecting man ever returned from these regions who did 
not admit that the Spirit of Goodness is ever worshiped by the 
intellectual. To open our eyes is to adore the Creator of all 
things. 

Had the early Egyptian priests, and all succeeding priests, 
taught the superintending care of one God, and demanded but 
one sacrifice, the offering of contrite hearts, religious creeds 
would never have afflicted the world. All mankind would have 
been pious worshipers in one great temple. At the name of Je- 
hovah all would have bowed the head and bent the knee. The 
cultivation of the intellect will assimilate us to one God, and 
banish the dogmas that have raised the sword, as at this moment 
in Europe, against father, brother, wife, and all of God's holy 
gifts. 

The Austrian Union contains 36,000,000 of inhabitants ; all 
the Italian States about half as many. Austria maybe regarded 
as about equal in extent to four or five of our large States ; and 
Italy about half her size. The reader will place before him a 
map of Europe. Genoa, the maritime capital, is on the Gulf of 
Genoa, in the Mediterranean. Place the eye on Turin, in the 
center of Sardinia, and the river Po will be seen. The Po runs 



96 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 



to the Adriatic Sea. A tributary to the Po will be seen on the 
line of Sardinia and Lombardy ; this river is not named in the 
maps of Europe, but it is marked Ticino on the maps of Sar- 
dinia and of Lombardy. This river the Austrian troops passed 
on the third day after war was declared by Austria, 

Turin, in the center of the State, and Genoa, on the Gulf of 
Genoa, will be the scenes of early battles. To defend these 
cities, France will exert her utmost strength. Where the seat 
of war may ultimately center, can not be conjectured ; it may be 
in Vienna; it maybe, as in 1814, at Paris. Italy is divided 
into: 1st, The Pope's territories; 2d, Tuscany : 3d, Lombardy, 
called Austrian Italy ; 4th, Sardinia ; 5th, Naples, with Sicily ; 
6th, San Marino, the smallest of all the European States ; 7th, 
Modena ; 8th, Lucca; 9th, Parma; 10th, Monaco. 

The Pope's territories, called, also, the States of the Church, 
include Rome, Bologna, Ancona, Perugia, Ferrara, Ravenna, 
Forti, Rimini, Pesaro, Benevento, Ascoli, Viterbo, Macerata, Ur- 
bino, Loretto, and Civita Vecchia. 

While Rome was the center of all that intellect could achieve, 
she was called the ever living, '■'The Eternal City!''' The sun of 
intellect settled below the horizon ; superstition stalked forth amid 
the darkness that surrounded the seveii hills ; genius fled " West- 
ward," and ruin sat brooding like Satan amid his own chaos. 
The history of Rome is told. 

Tuscany is the lovely vale where genius has for ages lived, 
and where it will not die. Our own countrymen love to linger 
where life is charmed with all that genius and highest iiispiration , 
the Divinity of this world, guides the intellect onward — upward. 
Florence under an elective government — Florence in America, 
would to genius give a foretaste of the realms to which we all 
hope to direct our steps, and ultimately to rest. 

Lombardy is peopled with Italians, but is on the Austrian side 
of the Po, and has been under the Austrian Confederation. 

Sardinia is the rebellious State, and has confiscated the Church 
property, and refused to restore to ecclesiastics half her richest 
soil. The seat of war, for a time, must be in Sardinia ; we 
shall frequently conduct our readers, in imagination, to streams 
running purple gore, and to hills and. valleys smokingf with ruins 
and echoing the shrill clarion of war. 

In the Kingdom of Naples is the city of Naples, containing 
nearly one million of inhabitants, and is on one of the most beau- 
tiful bays in the world. 

[To he continued in Edition A A of the WEALTH OF THE WOELD.] 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 97 

James B. Taylor, $ 1 ,000,000 

We believe Mr. Taylor is a native of New Bedford, Mass. — 
the richest city in the Union, and the only city that has one 
thousand dollars for every man, woman, and child within its bor- 
ders. Napoleon I. was asked at St. Helena, who was the great- 
est man of history ? He replied, " All men are equally entitled 
to fame who never made a mistake." The correctness of this 
definition of a great man will at first be doubted, but reflection 
will show its truth. Many of our richest men are men of genius, 
and had this country been in perpetual wars, like Europe, tliese 
men would have been eminent generals. These merchants are 
the men who never made a mistake. Talents are claimed by 
every nation and every age ; they were not monopolized by an- 
tiquity. Every nation in Europe has claimed, in some age, one 
or two Napoleons, three or four Rothschilds, one or more Homers 
and as many Newtons ; every village has its Cicero. We have 
in this city one hundred Rofhschilds, two or three Homers, one 
Napoleon, one Xenophon, and numerous patriots, who see dan- 
ger only at one point of the compass. The city of Washington 
disputes our right to Napoleon — Mexico would have purchased 
him if her wealth had been sufficient. Boston openly accuses us 
of bribery, in obtaining their Xenophon — the great historian of 
the age. In the early ages Cain was a murderer, and Samson 
had a Delilah. In modern times the " Webb" of fate sent Cil- 
ley to the battle-field, and the " Graves" were charged with 
another's murder. The crimes of Cain and Samson are in this 
refined age the sports of our great men. Baker waded through 
" Pools" of blood. To inscribe this hero's name on the records 
o{ court justice was to increase one man's funds, and to lessen 
every man's respect for the laws. One judge and eleven jury- 
men said he was a murderer ; another judge and twelve jurymen 
said, " If you can get up ^first-class fight, you may murder with' 
out punishment." Probably Cain was not a murderer — if they 
had enlightened judges near the garden of Eden. " Lords" in 
England are like damaged potatoes — slightly soft. We know a 
*' Lord" in this city who can make a better speech in the Tract 
Society than any " Lord Chancellor" who ever sat on the wool- 
sack. We know a " Democratic Lord," politically great, who 
can cut a coat better than any " Peer" in England. One of our 
" Lords" is a Rothschild, or else our judgment is not infallible. 
If all the " Sickles" of the country are as sharp as our " Sickles," 
" Weeds" will never shed their nauseous odor on our matrimonial 
gardens. Home is Paradise. The serpent that enters there — 
shall die. They whom God has joined, let no man put asunder. 
To err is human, to forgive — divine, Dan is our " Man" — 
when we are in a scrape. Saints in pious times had no wives 

5 



98 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

In Boston, Saint Kalloch had one extra wife ; but, like the early- 
saints, he was above law — he is now teaching morals to young 
ladies. Poetry and music will flourish fDrever, where Zo?.^-fel- 
lows write the hymns and Small-iQWows blow the organ bellows. 
Boston had Ciceros by the dozen in the revolutionary age. 
Having no " Cochituate," they threw overboard their " Tea." 
In modern times they invited Webster to a " tea" party in 
Faneuil Hall. He begged to be excused. Now he's dead, they 
stand him before the State House. All the world knows where 
that is — if they ever saw a Boston man. If we were in Webster's 
place, we would " beg to be excused." Cambridge is a great 
" country." Like Washington city, they have a live " Newton." 
Here they make almanacs and preach without the Bible. If they 
have no religion, they have more science than all the " saints" 
f>*om Adam to the Reformation. Dr. Holmes is no " Gallipot." 
He descended from Homer, and inherited from Homer — a funny 
" genius.'''' Holmes in Greek, is Homer. This is our discovery. 
Homer is now writing an improved //iad. iora^fellow is to fol- 
low suit with an Oc?yssey. Poetry having been some time on 
its back, is now thought by the M.D.'s to be looking up. Indian 
" stories" put us to sleep ; but Story's Law 'is—frst-rate. If 
poetry should be relaxed, none butM.D 's will " Prosper." We 
hope opium will be discarded, and stimulants substituted. Not 
homeopathically — we shall not go for small doses while we 
have friends who invite us to " Refresh." Spiritualism amuses 
the '' Dunces ;" when we invoke " Spirits," our healthy imagina- 
tion suggests colored " Liquids." Cambridge has raised Great 
Men, and lowered Small Men. If we had a larger " corporation," 
we think Cambridge University would send us a diploma. 
Revenge is sweet. No professor in Cambridge shall be a "iiej 
Diamond." We do not wish to be made a " subject" for dissec- 
tion by these satirizing poetic M.D.'s. The Doctor Warrens 
nay order their own bones to be hung; but we are positively 
opposed to being hung by any M.D.'s — we have no taste for 
amusing the public in that way. We don't care if Cambridge 
has all thetalents of the country ; the}' haven't " The Wealth of 
the World." We know one who would like a little less. As 
brilliant as their '■^Sparks'" were, they never set fire to Charles 
River ; but a first-rate " Walker" may have jumped over it at 
" Low" water. If he had fallen in, he woUld have exclaimed 
with Webster, " Sink or swim, I go for union." The whole 
county, as well as Cambridge, was always highly examplary. 
The Puritans did nothing worse than drowning Quakers for not 
belonging to their church ; in that pious age none but church 
members could vote. For fifty years "Science" and " Supersti- 
tion" have been fighting for the control of Cambridge College. 



WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 99 

If Superstition shall succeed — off goes the heads of all Unitarian 
professors. A pretty girl is called a " witch." In ages oi piety, 
to call a girl a " witch" would have been more fatal than to cry 
" Mad dog !" Eloquence took leave of New England when 
Choate bid them adieu. The " majesty" of the age yet lingers 
with us. Two coZ«»jn5 that supported the "ZJrazon" have bowed 
where all must bow. A kind Providence yet spares a third. 
Fortunate indeed will it be for the nation, if the names of Wash- 
ington and Franklin shall add weight to sentiments which " in- 
spiration" would gladly inscribe, in letters of gold, on columns 
of marble. A greater intellect than Everett's — never blessed 
past ages — is not now with us — may not again, for centuries, 
visit this " World" of conflict, so uncongenial to him. The men 
of New England are rich enough to be called emperors, but we 
believe not one, like Napoleon, usurped a throne. Boston, like 
Athens, claims to be a Democracy ; but, strangely enough, boasts 
of a '■'■King." We know this King makes codes of moral laws ; 
but, like other Kings, his religion is called spurious by the Catho- 
lics, and by the orthodox Christians. The old kings of history 
kept a clown under their own roof. This excellent custom was 
commenced when kings and clowns were intellectually equal, but 
was discontinued when clowns knew more than kings. We, in 
New York, have intellectual kings all around us, but not one of 
them keeps a clown ; at least we never saw one when we 
dined with ^'Royalty." In early pious ages there was no church 
without a bishop ; in this wicked age we know churches without 
a bishop, and bishops without churches. The reason of this is, 
that merchandising pays better than preaching, and all the talents 
run in one current. So some say ; but this libel we never cir- 
culate. That we have real live saints, whose names have not 
yet been placed in the calendar, admits of no doubt. ' One by 
one we shall canonize them all, but not all at once. Washing- 
ton served his country, and charged only his actual expenses ; 
we know men so patriotic that they will serve the State, or city, 
for nothing — and pay liberally for the honor. What age can 
boast of more disinterested patriotism ? A man who sleeps in 
" the tented field, with his martial cloak around him," is called a 
fighting man. A man is equally a " warrior''' whether he fights 
to defend his country — his wife — his property — his honor — or his 
head. If this man never made a mistake — in war — in politics — 
in his investments — in brilliant alliances — in the affections of a 
numerous circle — if success shall always attend him — if he pile up 
wealth — this man is called all the hard names that envy can com- 
mand. A successful career is ruinous to reputation — ifonehalf 
the world are to be b^ieved in opposition to the olher half. An 
ancient writer has told us that if Caesar had not been a soldier, 



100 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

and then a general, he would have remained a peasant, " and 
have been the best wrestler on the green." With one class of 
our readers, poetry is a safer guide, and more entitled to belief, 
than prose ; and in this, with few exceptions — such as nevvspa 
per paragraphs — we agree with them. We always believe all 
we read in the newspapers, except the editorials. Our theory 
is, that we have all the material around us, out of which heroes, 
patriots, sages, poets, prophets, philosophers, statesmen, and 
saints are made ; it is important that we sustain our theory by 
competent authority. Here it is : 

" Great Julius on the mountains bred 
A flock — perhaps a herd had led ; 
He who the world subdued, had been 
But the best wrestler on the green." 

All our readers are supposed to be familiar with the classic 
writers, and if we have made a mistake in our off-hand quotation, 
they will please put — all right. As we have given our readers 
the text, we will now give them the sermon. Like other great 
intellectual productions, we suppose it must be divided into sev- 
eral heads, 1st. Our work records the names of rich men, and 
no others. The virtues of our rich men are so numerous that 
they must be left to theologians — when dead. For us to record 
the names of the virtuous merchants would be as hopeless as to 
name the leaves on the trees. 2d. Mr. Taylor is a rich man. 
3d. Mr. Taylor is a self-made man. 4th. Mr. Taylor will be a 
very wealthy man ; he is accumulating property rapidly. 5th. 
Mr. Taylor is a popular man with his political party, and may 
reach an elevated position. 6th. Mr. Taylor is always at war. 
Since the invention of five-mile guns and ten-barreled pistols, he 
wounds, without killing, his legal opponent, and carries off the 
spoils of victory. One or two Waterloo victories added half a 
million to his laurels. We know very well that all our readers 
look to us for direction in all matters of a practical kind. Now 
we give them full consent to abuse Mr. Taylor as much as they 
please — in welcome. There is only one thing that we can't let 
them do — they must not get into a lawsuit with James B. Tay- 
lor. The purse of our friend Day, one of the longest in the city, 
is too short to enable Taylor's opponent to see land.* 

Our own pile, large as it is, and now secure in Herring's 

* We copy the following paragraph from the New York Times, July 21, 1859 : '• In 
the great Indla-Eubber case, lately tried before the Supreme Court in Baltimore, to 
decide the question of the right to the exclusive manufacture and sale of vulcanized 
rubber goods, Judge Giles yesterday delivered his opinion, deciding in favor of Mr. 
Horace H. Day, and a perpetual injunction was granted against other pnrties. Some 
fifteen other suits were depending upon the issue of thiB, In all of which injunctions will 
issue." By this decision one or two millions are added to the immense pile of our 
Tforthy friend. 



WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 101 

safe, can not be loaned for any such purpose. 7th. Intellectual- 
ly, James B. Taylor is a giant. 8th. No man ever cheated 
George Law or James B. Taylor out of one dollar. If a rogue 
should step up to George Law or James B. Taylor and ask 
for an office — one look of indignation flashed from the eye of 
one of these men would annihilate the rogue. 9th. When 
" The Wealth of the World" is appreciated, and the grateful 
country shall bestow on ns office, in exchange for wealth, we 
shall remember George and James. One shall hold the nationa' 
purse, and the other shall dispense justice to the unfortunate 
All the Dred Scotts shall then have justice, however alarming to 
the country such an innovation may be. We shall speak well of 
Seward before the election ; but places in our Cabinet must be 
filled by long-tried friends of eminent talents. We should cor- 
respond with Douglas, who seems to be on a peculiar kind of a 
fence, if he had not offended our President. Our party is emi 
nently a patriotic party, and will a:ssist each other — as long as 
the loaves and fishes of ojfice are fairly distributed. This when 
we are in the White House — shall be done. Will any pnrty do 
more — than we promise our party ? Where are honest voters to 
look for all the virtues, if it is not from our party ? The honest 
politicians who want places in our Cabinet must apply — before 
the election. '10th. It is our boast that we are just as well ac- 
quainted with James B. Taylor as with George Law; and we 
positively assert, that no men in this city are better entitled to 
the respect of " The Wealth of the World" than these men. 
11th. We believe — and these men believe — all the world believe — 
that the best road to wealth is Hone^ity. It was while traveling 
in this crooked road that we made the acquaintance of so many 
honest politicians. All the politicians do not travel in the same road 
with us. 12th. We say to all young men, and to all strictly honest 
politicians, who are starting in the world, " If you are only in- 
dustrious — amiable — saving — shrewd — and have fifty cents about 
you — you can have 'The Wealth of the World.'" What can 
you put in your pocket half so valuable ? 13th. Some men are 
great by nature — some acquire eminence by industry — some in- 
herit wealth and name — but are any men so eminent as those 
whosH names are already recorded — or are soon to be recorded — 
perhaps — in " The Wealth of the World ?" 14th. The rejected 
names are " Legions." We are sorry the " World" is not all 
rich as well as virtuous. But it is particularly gratifyintr to us 
to be able to inform applicants that "The Wealth of the World," 
by our assistance, is attainable. We know very well that a man 
may obtain a certificate that he possesses all the virtues — for 
nothing. To put the " Wealth of the World" in your pocket re- 
quires our assistance. To inscribe your name on imperishable 



102 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. ., 

columns, demands that there be — a good bank account, and at 
least one man who will take your note. We presume no merchant 
will be found in thirty days who has not read the title-page of 
" The Wealth of the World," and pronounced it cheap — if he 
jind his own name in this classic production. We shall present 
a copy of our standard work to all the libraries. Their funds 
appropriated for the purchase of scientific works are nearly ex- 
hausted by the demands of the — ascetics. The darkness and the 
dogmas of the middle ages — the ages when Catholic superstition 
was universal — are settling on us. Can anything avert them but 
a new reformation ? is a question asked hy scientific men. 15th. 
Mr. Taylor is eminently a man of progress — he is the exponent 
of the sentiments that are making this age eminent — he has a 
prominent place in " Young America." He is not the victim of 
any delusion, past or present. He never sought office — he asks 
no office. His party — any party — sustained by him, will have 
the confidence of " The Wealth of the World." With such aids 
may not any man form high expectations 1 May he not indulge 
in lofty aspirations ? Mr. Taylor enters with heart and soul into 
every plan for the elevation of the masses ; he takes an interest 
in every scheme advanced by the friends of science — the friends 
of active benevolence — the friends of humanity. Of Mr. Law 
we shall say more in our next number. We are well acquainted 
with many prominent men — of few only can we conscientiously 
say all that we can say of Geo. Law and James B. Taylor. 
Their talents command universal respect — their convivial hours 
are the delight of their friends. Mr. Taylor is yet a young man — 
what will be his wealth if he double his present fortune every 
ten years ? 
S. Dexter Bradford, Roxbury, Mass., and Bowers, 

Beekman & Bradford, N. Y $2,000,000 

George Gifford and F. B. Cutting 2,000,000 

Dr. Nott and J. C. Breckenridge 2,000,000 

Amos Willetts & Co. and Macy & Son 2,000,000 

Voorhies & Whitman and P. Lidig 2,000,000 

Oothout and Pierson 2,000,000 

Shepard Knap and C. W. Cotheal 2.000,000 

Madame Jumel, (widow of Aaron Burr) 2,000,000 

Ex-Mayors A. H. Mickle and Fernando Wood 2,000,000 

Bucklin & Crane and W. L. Cogswell 2,000,000 

E. Pierpont, H. E. Davies, and C. O'Connor 2,000,000 

Mrs. Cruger and Miss Grosvenor 2,000,000 

John Steward and D. J. Steward 2,000,000 

J. A. C. Gray and L. Curtis 2,000,000 

Baker & Grover, L M. Singer & Co., and Wheeler 

& Wilson, 2,000,000 



WEALTH OF THE AVORLD. 103 

McCurdy & Aldricli, and W. L. McDonald 83,000,000 

Mr. McDonald is one of the most successful men in this city. 
If, anywhere south of Mason & Dixon's line, you are invited by 
the Governor of the State or by a prominent member of Con- 
gress to take a seat in his coach, you may be sure Mr. McDonald 
constructed that — specimen of the arts. More of M. McDonald in 
our next number. 

Wm. Watson, and Tarrant Putnam $2,000,000 

William Layton, Wm, Wall, J. M. Waterbury, ) „ aqa nnn 

and Noah Waterbury ) ' ' 

Mr, N, Waterbury is a very efficient President of a bank ; he is 
now 84 years of age, 
Nicholas Wvckoff", J. A. Cross, C. J. Miller, and ) *„ ^p.^, nr,n. 

Charles Burrall f *^'^""'"^" 

Mr. Burrall made $60,000 by selling dry goods, and the balance 
by discounting notes in a place called Wall street. He is a gen- 
uine Spiritualist, and obtained his information from the Spirit 
World — so some say, and he believes. 

L. Von Hoffman, Selig-man & Stettheimer, and } *,, . .^ . . _ 
■^^^■ a V \ n C «'2,000,000 

Wm, Sehgman & Co ) ' 

James Hewitt, and George Leland 2,000,000 

A. A. Low, and D. Low 2,000,000 

Jewitt & Sons, and J. D. Sparkman 2,000,000 

W. B. Duncan, and D. Vandusen , 2,000,000 

Booth & Edgar, and Sturgiss, Bennett & Co 2,000,000 

J. De Nottebeck 2,000,000 

B. F. Wheelwright, and J. W. Lawrence 2,000,000 

Haight, Halsey & Co., and D. Henry Haight 2,000,000 

A. A. Lowerre & Brothers 2,000,000 

B. Loder, and Geo. W. Brown 2,000,000 

W. Bard, and W. Hogue 2,000,000 

James Brown, and John Slade 7,000,000 

J. Sturgis, and H. A. Kerr 2,000,000 

J. H. Lucas, St. Louis, Mo 5,000,000 

H. A. Burr, and C. G. Gunther, and J. D. Phillips. 2,000,000 

Watts Sherman, and W. K. Thorn 2,000,000 

W. H. Webb 2,000,000 

Mr. Webb should build all the government steam frigates. 
Drexel & Co., and Thompson Brothers, and ) *„ qqq qqq 

Sweeny, Rittenhouse & Co f ' ' 

Mr. F. M. Drexel, of Philadelphia, is the senior partner of 
the well-known banking-house of Drexel & Co, Mr. Drexel^ is 
a German by birth, and possesses their usual excellent education 
and their talents. The house is in the front rank of wealthy 



104 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

bankers. The new firm of Read, Drcxel & Co., ill this city, are 
the successors to Van VIeek, Read & Drexel. 

Mr. Sweeny was paying and receiving teller in the bank of 
Washington, in the city of Washington, D. C. He is a man of 
eminent talents. Mr. Samuel Fowler, one of the firm of S.,R. & 
Co., Washington City, is one of the heirs of the great Fowler 
estate, of New Orleans. Mr. Difief, another member of the 
same firm, is also one of the heirs to the Fowler estate. 

Thompson Brothers have already taken their place in the front 
rank of our judicious bankers and brokers. They employ as 
many clerks, and transact, every day, as much business as any 
money operators in Wall street. The responsibility of the house 
is placed on the most substantial basis — ample capital and un- 
doubted integrity. 

The Messrs. Thompsons are the sons of John Thompson, who 
for twenty years was the leading ge7iius of Wall street. No 
bank was considered solvent if its vaults were not opened to his 
inspection ; no loan could be obtained till its elements were dis- 
cussed and approved in John Thompson's J9?•^wate room.' A man 
of more integrity than John Thompson, never walked on 'Change. 
He was to money operators, the same never-to-be-beat, that Paul 
Morphy is to chess-players. 

Many of our millionaires made their money while taking John 
Thompson's Bank Note Reporter and following his directions. 
If he said La Crosse or Hudson River Railroad stock had no value, 
the men who didn't believe him soon wore a long face^ and then 
promised to believe every word they read in Thompson's Bank 
Note Reporter. 

The writer of this article has known John Thompson for 
thirty years. He has known him, immensely rich, loaning his 
money to the United States, and to the State, and he knows 
that talents like his will again acquire wealth. Five years of 
prosperous business is an independent fortune to any man who is 
posted up in Wall street — that " labyrinth" of money-changers — 
the street J9ayec? with gold. 

Thompson's Bank Note Reporter is just what it always was. 
A judicious merchant would as soon go without an iron safe as 
he would go without the perfectly reliable information that 
Thompson always gives. Half a dozen spurious births and. 
premature deaths of " Reporters," have taken place since Thomp- 
son's Reporter commenced its valuable career; it will live while 
talents are respected and truth is preferred to fiction. 

The Pope and Archbishop Hughes $100,000,000 

The Pope rules and reigns over 120,000,000 of Catholics. If 



•WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 105 

he shall receive twenty-five cents from each, it will he §30,000,000 
annually. We wish every person who has any interest in mak- 
ing the laws of the United States, to read the JVew York Times, 
of July 19, 1859. He will there find an account of the attack, 
by the troops of the Holy Pope^ on Mr. Perkins and family, in- 
cluding the widow of the late Bishop Doane, of New Jersey. 
We should more willingly live in the United States, with Mike 
Walsh, or fillibuster Walker for President, than we would live 
under any government claiming religion or superstition as the 
basis of authority. 

While this article was in the printer's hands, and all of it, to 
this line, was composed, we hear (July 25, 1859) that the Pope 
of Rome is to be King of all Italy. We suppose he will soon 
follow the example of his illustrious predecessors, and place his 
foot on the neck of Protestant kings. This war, like many 
other wars, has resulted in changing one despot for a worse des- 
pot. This is an indication of the Religious sentiment of the age. 
Alas ! for freedom ! AVe are returning to the superstition of the 
dark ages. There is but one more act to perform, and the cli- 
max of " absurdity " will be perfected. It is to nominate Arch- 
bishop Hughes for the next President. This nomination we now 
make. We recommend to all who believe in Dogmas to vote for 
him. We wish to know how pious the nation is. 
Abm. R. Van Nest 12,000,000 

A clergyman of this city. Mr. Van Nest inherited an immense 
estate, and by accumulation is placed among our Red Diamonds. 
Mr. V. married Miss Willett, and half a million. 
The brothers Ronalds $2,000,000 

Grandsons of Peter Lorillard. They are most estimable citi- 
zens. 

Mr. Dykeman, and J. W. Allen $2,000,000 

B. L. Swan, and G. H. Pierce 2,000,000 

E. Anthony, and W. L. Ormsby, and American ) „ „„ 

Bank Note Co ' f A00U,UUU 

If we were asked to name a man who has, for years, stood in 
the front rank of our artists, nobly sustaining them by his exam- 
ple and by his material aid, we should name E. Anthony. His 
rooms in Broadway are crowded with all that men of taste and 
ladies of taste most admire. A visit to his rooms is like making 
a tour of Europe. There is not a public building — a palace of 
a peer — a field of battle — a celebrated bridge — a church of the 
middle ages — a Melrose abbey m the Fifth avenue, that is not 
placed visibly before you, while seated in his elegant salesrooms. 
Every person who visits the city, and every resident should make 



106 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

an earl}'' call at E. Anthony's Stereoscopic Emporium, No. 308 
Broadway. [See his advertisement in this edition.] 

In this number we present to our readers a perfect likeness of 
one of the three men (see page 75), to whom, we think, the 
world is more deeply indebted than to any others now on the 
stage ; or to any, who, for a time, received the homage of a 
grateful people, and passed to their reward. A more perfect 
likeness never came from the hands of any artist than Mr. Orms- 
by has given us of Professor Morse. Mr. Morse is now about 
sixty-eight years of age, and is the oldest son of the Eev J. 
Morse. What will be the value of this eno:ravin(T in comino- 
time, if passed by us to our children and our children's children ? 
The most scientific men of Europe are now testifying their 
respect for the genius that conceived the greatest of all discov- 
eries. This discovery reaches the confines of " human efforts" and 
nearly passes to the bounds of " superhuman agency." To om- 
niscience and omnipresence we refer all things. The Creator of 
the Universe is beyond our ken. Although unable to see him, 
we are, at the same instant, able to see 100,000,000 of his worlds. 
If the telegraph wire could reach these worlds, would not super- 
human power be revealed to us ? Who could, by searching, find 
out more of the Deity? Gravitation is a law of Nature, a law 
of God ; and extends to the planet Neptune, discovered by Le- 
verrier, and to the most distant spheres. Electricity is a law of 
nature, a law of God ; and extends, like gravitation, to every 
sphere which a sun illumes, or on which the lightnings flash. 
0716 Morse has united, by the lightning's flash, all places on this 
globe ; may not a second Morse, or a second Franklin — by the 
lightning's flash — by the electric current — by a law of 
nature yet undiscovered — ultimately communicate with the most 
distant spheres, and continue the "Revelations" that science has 
commenced ? 

If Newton had not discovered the law of gravitation, Leverrier 
could not have discovered the place of Neptune. If we imagine 
a circle drawn around our globe, the circumference of which is 
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 miles, 
and are told that Leverrier, by the aid of the law of gravitation, 
and by mathematics, was enabled to tell where, in this circle, Nep- 
tune would be found, although Leverrier had not seen it, we can, 
in some measure, estimate the value of science. Science pointed 
the telescope, but it was held in the hands of an astronomer, the 
friend of Leverrier. In an instant an immense world — a revolv- 
ing world — not as before, a star — was added to our solar system. 
If we imagine a human eye placed at the centre of the sun, and 
around the centre of the sun, we imagine as many pointed tele- 



•WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 1(37 

scopes as are represented by tte line of figures that we liave just 
used, every single telescope will point directly to a star. No 
person living can point to any part of the Heavens without 
pointing directly to one star,* 

Will not the study of a subhme science raise us above the 
hatred of each other, engendered by positive errors, in which we 
we were schooled ? Knowledge looks down upon ignorance with 
pity. When the masses are educated, discord on earth will cease. 
When dogmas were invented^ the sun of science had not risen ; 
darkness sat brooding over a benighted world. To dispel this 
darkness — to show us a Creator through a Creator's laws — God's 
laws — Nature's laws — is the mission of science. Dogmas are 
nearly dead. Science is just dawning. A glorious day, bright 
with the beams of science, is before us. May it speed on till 
superstition is dispelled — till God's noon-day sun shall gild the 
distant lands, and show the whole world the pathway to know- 
ledge and to him. 

Without the law of gravitation, worlds could not be suspend- 
ed in space : without electricity, animal life and vegetable life 
could not be sustained — chaos would reign. The God of Nature 
— the Creator — made the laws and suspended the worlds in 
space : it was not the God about which men quarrel, and have 
for centuries killed each other. The whole intellectual world 
are united in their views of the Creator ; no battle-field has ever 
been stained with human gore, to enforce his claims to our devo- 
tion. 

The language of Catholic theology once was, "God made this 
one world out of yiothingP The language of Protestant theology 
is, " God and Nature made the laws by which all the worlds 
were created and are sustained." Is our worship less pure than 
theirs? Is our faith less strong? Have the discoveries of 
science lessened our faith ? Have they not opened to us the 
knowledge of numerous laws of which the ancients knew no- 
thing ? Early nations believed in a host of man-gods — mortal 
gods ! but they could not believe in a Creator God., for they 
knew nothing of his laws^ which science alone has revealed. If 
mankind had been in its earliest stages enlightened by our 
sciences., religious disputes — persecutions — religious wars between 

* Leverrier, hy figures, could tell in what direction Neptune would be found, but 
he was mistaken in the distance. The earth is 95,000,000 of miles from the sun. 
Leverrier said Neptune would be found thirty-seven times 95,000,000 of miles from 
the sun. Neptune is only thirty times 95,000,000 of miles from Die sun. Read Prof 
Pierce's recent work on the Celestial Spheres. This valuable work is published by 
subscription and the publishers have nol yet received their outlay. We may omit. 
by acciden*. in the" Wealthof the world," his name, who omits to purchase the 
most scientific, the most religious work ever published in this country — perhaps in 
any country. A person who can comprehend one tenth part of its sublime ' Theoh 
ogy," cannot be an " Infldel.'' Little & Brown, Boston, are the liberal publishers. 



108 WEALTH OF THE WOKLD. 

nations — disputed succession to thrones — tlie bloody Druids — 
the victims of Juggernaut — Turks — Catholics — stupid Mor- 
mons — burning widows — human sacrifices — streams of blood 
from human hearts — would not have been known. All of these 
were called religion by the priests. 

The priests of all the early nations claimed inspiration as their 
authority; they were the messengers of God to man. 

T\iej all had Bibles, but all were of their own manufacture, 
like the Mormon Bible of the present day. The believers in 
mortal gods paid them adoration, and extended it to the priests. 
The priests taught that a vindictive God could be appeased only 
by the performance of bloody rites; these were the only escape 
from — the lower regions. 

Priests should have led the people to the study of science — 
to the study of the arts — to literature — to civilization. They 
have led the people, in all past time, to error — to superstition — 
to ceaseless conflict — to demoralization — to Popery — to despot- 
ism. 

Does not the mythology of a nation either advance or retard 
civilization ? 

What nation now takes the lead in those acquisitions which 
make life all that a beneficent Creator would make it ? 

Is it the " murdering" dominion of the " Holy Church " in 
"Italy debased"? 

Is it the land of " Promise," where Popes and Kings are 
united to enslave the people ? 

Is it fighting, butchering Mexico ? 

Is it Lower Canada ? 

Is it benighted and bleeding Ireland ? Is it not that " Coun- 
try without religion" — the United States. 

No nation is capable of being civilized, that is not capable of 
comprehending the sciences which reveal the Creator through 
nature's laws. Greece and Rome led other nations, but they 
knew nothing of our sciences ; they had numerous man-gods. 
The Greek writers are by some supposed to have believed their 
mythology to be true ; they, like Egyptians and Hebrews, sacri- 
ficed human beings on their religious altars. The Mexicans, so 
recently as the time of Cortez, did the same. 

The Roman, or classical writers, certainly did not believe 
their gods to be more than ingenious fictions ; some of whom 
proceeded from poetry, and some from priests. Their mytholo- 
gy — their religion — was not essentially above the pagan mytholo- 
gy of the nations they conquered. The Romans did not reach the 



WEAXTH OF THE WORLD. 109 

civilization that suggested or revealed a Creator for their wor« 
ship.* 

Rome had four hundred and twenty temples, dedicated to four 
hundred and twenty Gods — all of them Gods of earth ; but the 
Creator had no temple, and received no worship. Our Savior wor- 
shiped the Father who was in Heaven, and paid tribute to Cassar, 
but he would not worship human Gods — the mythological Gods 
of Rome — and he ascended the cross to expiate his crime. To 
worship more than one God he pronounced idolatry. To dispel 
idolatry was the Divine mission of Christianity. It is now the 
nineteenth century — by what law are we required to worship a 
plurality of Gods '? The Catholics have, like the Romans, hun- 
dreds of churches, dedicated to hundreds of Gods. The words 
Master, Saint, God, Lord, Prophet, and many others, were words 
of exactly the same meaning in the early languages. The He- 
brew Gods were called by all these names. The Catholic dog- 
mas are the "Remains" of numerous Pagan Systems of Mythol- 
ogy. Nearly all the "Saints," who now have churches named 
after them, were Gods of Pagan Mythology. Moses was a man, 
and a law-maher, but the Jews called him their vispired God. Our 
la w-malcers ivill not be canonized till they have beeti dead as long as Moses. 
St. Peter was a man, but he was an inspired God of the Catholics 
on earth, and held the keys of Heaven, till they were delivered 
to the Pope. Fifteen hundred years ago the council of ecclesias- 
tics adojjted Moses and all the Hebrew Gods as their Gods, and 
taught the existence of other Gods, not adopted in the Hebrew 
Mythology. If Moses was an inspired God, and if St. Peter was 
an inspired God, and if they invested the Pope, and through him 
all the Popes, with their inspiration, was not the Pope, and all 
the Popes, inspired Gods'? loas the Catholic logic. By preaching 
the doctrine of eternal punishment to the unbeliever, they made 
their sentiments the sentiments of all who dared to speak or write 
for ten centuries. If the ecclesiastics had made this doctrine 
universal, the Reformation could not have blessed the world — ■ 
despotism would have reigned forever : all the Popes would 
have been mighty Kings, like the present Pope. 

Ignorance and superstition, aided by the Inquisition, swept 
like a deluge over Europe ; science was expelled — Grecian and 
Roman literature destroyed — the human intellect was dwarfed 
— the light of " reason" seemed flickering ere it left the world for- 
ever. War among petty kings and ecclesiastics was perpetual — 

* There is no evidence tfiat public religious instruction formed any part of the 
duty of the priests, or was ever connected with their public worship, which con- 
sisted in performini? unmeaning ceremonies, and oifering living creatures as sacri- 
fices on polluted altars. Nothing like preaching or sacred oratory was known. — 
EschenburgKs Manual of Classical Literature — page 237. 



110 WEAI.TH OF THE WORLD. 

freedom and civilization bid the world adieu for one thousand 
years. Popes, Cardinals, monks, divided the soil — Genius spoke 
only in whispers. If the Creator has blessings in store for man- 
kind, he must enlighten the minds of 120,000,000 of men. 
European wars may be a blessing in disguise. If Catholic kings 
— Catholic monks — Catholic dogmas — are to rule the world 
again — then ages of pitchy darkness are decreed to man. Hap- 
py indeed are we, on this side of the ocean, that kings, and 
Popes, and monks, are only names hated for what they have 
done — hated for what we know they would do — hated as 
despots, fit only to rule among ignorant slaves. Protestant 
Christianity, at the Reformation (1515), taught the belief of one 
God, the Creator. When belief in this doctrine is universal — per- 
secution — religious wars — mutual hatred between races — will 
afflict the world no more. The more of the Creator's laws we 
discover, the more clearly we see that " the Hand that made 
them is Divine." Scientific men are the true believers in the 
existence of a Creator The astronomer positively knows, that 
the solar system could not revolve without His laws. Theolo- 
gians may quarrel about names of the Deity — philosophers never 
do. It is the Spirit — the Justice — the Sublimity — the incompre- 
hensibility of the Creator and his laws, that all — positively all — the 
" Intellectual" now worship. "Was there ever an age as religious 
— as truly devout — was there ever an age, or nation, as enlighten- 
ed as our own ? Was there ever a country in which the priesthood 
had less power to lead public sentiment — to dash contending fac- 
tions in deadly conflict on each other ? 

We claim for this country and this Age, the first pure worship 
of One God, without the early idolatry that fixed an artificial 
system on the " World." " We believe in God." This is a Uni- 
versal creed. To Him, and to Him only, the intellectual address 
their prayers. Around His Throne, when our pilgrimage is 
ended, we devoutly hope to assemble. A man who denies that 
God and Nature, the Creator, created all things, and through 
Nature's laws rule all things, will in his ignorance deny that the 
sun ever shines, and that he himself exists. 

Was it not one of the Creator's laws, which, when discovered 
by Jackson, banished pain from half the world % 

This " Revelation " not only shows whence it came, but it 
shows the beneficence of a God. If we call God's greatest bless- 
ings " Revelations," all the world will be numbered with the 
faithful — aU will be sincere helkvers. Knowledge and devotion 
are as inseparably united, as are ignorance and superstition. Be- 
tween the worshipers of these two churches, there must ever be 



"WEALTH OF THE WORLD. Ill 

dlpcord. Nothing but light and truth can dispel ignorance and 
error, and unite the world of worshipers in one creed — one God. 
One church will ever worship the Creator of the Universal Sys- 
tem, who is in Heaven ; the other will, 'mid ceaseless conflicts, 
worship a God on earth. Wlio beside priests can desire eternal 
agitation 1 VThsit laws of Science, or of God, did the early priests 
discover ? "Wlio dared proclaim a discovery while Galileo, and 
hundreds of others were in the cells of the Inquisition ? These 
Popes, Cardinals, Priests,and Monks, promised house-lots in Hea- 
ven, in exchange for houses and lands on earth. The speculation 
proved a good one, and they soon owned half of Europe. Those 

who had no house-lots were disposed of below. If the writer 

can connect the names of Jackson, and Morse, and the host of 
our scientific men, with the names of the first artists of the 
country, he wiU be satisfied with his own share of fame. 
These men teach a Theology that Avill not embroil the world 
in never-ending disputes — never-ending persecutions — never- 
ending wars — never-ending contentions in social life — never- 
ending disputes between the educated and the ignorant. — 
He would on their account have his record read, while genius 
has admirers — while " Revelation" and the true God shall have 
worshipers — while the world shall progress in knowledge and 
in truth. We shall present to our readers, we hope, in succeed- 
ing numbers, specimens of Mr. Ormsby's bank-note engrav- 
ing. They are perfect gems. As early as circumstances permit, 
we shall contract with him for a $250 likeness of IVIr. Field, 
who, we are happy to say, has returned to his family, with the 
certainty that the great pursuit of his life is, under his own di- 
rection — soon to be completed. We thank him. We thank him. 
Grahams Policy, J. M. Furman, Barnett John-") ^^ aaa nnn 

son, Claude Gignoux, Charles Christmas . . . . ) ' ' 

Myndert Van Schaick, and Campbell, HaU & Co. 2,000,000 

Lee Claflflin and Joseph Whitney, Boston 2,000,000 

John Paine and James Phalen 2,000,000 

T. H. Faile & Brother, and John Caswell 2,000,000 

L. M. Hoffman, and James McBride , 2,000,000 

Dater and IVIiller, and Levi Apgar 3,000,000 

Schenck and Barsalow 2,000,000 

Chamberlain & Phelps, and Lawrence 2,000,000 

George Taylor and James Taylor 2,000,000 

J. Anderson, and Lilienthal, and Connelly 2,000,000 

W. B. Ireland and A. Iselin 2,000,000 

H. Douglass, and J. F. Freeborn, and A. Chi-)_ 2 qOO 000 

Chester, and W. D. Murphy j" ' ' 



112 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

W. F. Mott, find Charles Fox, and John Lever-") „ „ „^ - _ _ 

edge, and A. Briggs j" ' ' 

Dr. Anderson, J. E. Shaw and T. E. Davis 2,000,000 

Shanck & DoAvning, Charles Canavello& Delmo-}' „ ^^^ „„^ 
° > 2,000,000 

nico j ' 

Valentine G. Hall, and A. Meserole 2,000,000 

E. B. Forbes, and H. Grier, Boston 2,000,000 

Jabez C. Howe & Co., and G. Howe, Boston 2,000,000 

J. McCall, and B. F. Manice, 2,000,000 

George P. Rogers & Sister 2,000,000 

D. E. Parmly, and D. Wood 2,000,000 

L. S. Haskell and the residents of Lewelling Park 5,000,000 

At North Orange, N. J. 

We are Yankees, and cannot spell the name of a Welsh or 
Scotch Town with four "I's," as L Jewelling. A place so 
lovely should have had a more lovely name. Near Rome, 1800 
years ago, was a retreat called Tusculum. Near London is 
Middlesex, and near Middlesex are half a dozen other lovely 
country villages. Cicero and Hortensius have by their writ- 
ings immortalized Tusculum,* and at this day every American 
who visits Rome rides out to Tusculum to breathe the " inspir- 
ation" with which genius has invested it. 

Boston has its Cambridge, Dorchester, Roxbury, Melrose, and 
Brookline. Philadelphia, Baltimore, and all places of wealth, 
have lovely suburban residences, to which men of wealth and 
taste retire from the dust of large cities, and all these places 
have had the fame that literature and literary leisure, could 
award. 

If one person of wealth and taste should read this article, we 
advise him to visit Lewelling Park. AVe have seen lovely places, 
but never a more lovely place. A view from the tower, recently 
erected, commands a view of the city of New York ; and a circle 
bounded not by mountains, not by plains, the eye ranges as far 
as the horizon. Ships at sea — lovely villas — cultivated farms — 
an enchanting panorama — are spread out as if for your special 
delight — and are limited only by the setting sun. A ramble 
through the grounds is the realization of the Poet's dream. We 
will proclaim the blessings of wealth, while wealth opens to us 
temples Avhere we would worship. No reflecting man ever 
passed an hour in such a spot, who did not thank the God 
of Goodness, that by a life of patient toil, we can, as our re- 
ward, live a charmed life amid waterfalls — grottos — dells- 
temples — statues — forest trees — flowers— ^fruits— cool shades — 

* For a mmnte description of Tusculum as seen in Cicero's time, and as seen at this 
■day. read Duulopa lioman Literature, Vol 2, Article Cicero. 



"WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 113 

a labyrinth of beauty created by Nature for the lovers of art 
— the lovers of Nature — the lovers of the picturesque — the 
worshipers of the pure — the Holy. We thank Mr. Davis — 
the architect — the Michael Angelo of his time, for what 
he has done for us. No other man could have combined nature 
and art, and have produced such a wilderness of loveliness. The 
rush to Lewelling Park assures us that taste as well as wealth 
are the characteristics of this age. We hope IMr. Haskell will 
limit every purchaser to a feio acres, that many may enjoy the 
residence that all who visit must covet. 

The wi'iter of these lines never saw Mr. Haskell nor his 
partners, and but one of the residents of the Park. Those only 
who visit the Park can decide whether our taste is good taste. 
Coman and Leupp, how much % 

C. O. Halsted, and Games & Haskell ^2,000,000 

Burnham, Plumb & Co., and Augustus Ward 2,000,000 

W. W. Havermeyer and Miller 2,000,000 

W. G. Hunt, and W. C. Wilmerding ■.-^-. . . . 2,000,000 

T. Suffern, and J. B. Yarnum 2,000,000 

D. Lord, and Ex-Judge Vanderpool 2,000,000 

Carney and Sleeper, Boston 2,000,000 

Hugh Maxwell, and J. W. Gerard 2,000,000 

Draper and D. A. Cushman 2,000,000 

Low, Herriman & Co. and Dibble, Work & Moore. 2,000,000 

C. Stetson, H. D. Clapp 1 

Paron Stevens, A. Clark o r^r^r^ nnn 

J. P. Treadweil, W. Leland. . ., f ^,000,000 

H. Cranston, Putnam J 

These men have acquired their fortunes in the "Public Pal- 
aces " of the city ; no men are more esteemed. 

D. D. Winchester 

J. S. Stebbens 

B. G. Clark '. 

Richard French 

Alvan Higgins .' . 1,500,000 

Mr. A. Higgins is a native of Maine. He commenced the 
carpet business in this city, and acquired a large fortune in a 
short time : he and his brothers are the owners of the large car- 
pet factory on Forty-third street, near the North River. He in- 
vested largely on Murray, Chambers, and Warren streets, and 
doubled his money. He owns the Lawi'ence place, comprising 
fifteen acres — one of the most valuable places on the North 
River ; on this he now resides. He owns the eleven houses on 
one block on Murray Hill. Where, in the United States, is there 



$1,000,000 



114 WEALTH OF THE WORLD. 

a more valuable investment "? There is but one great free coun- 
try where wealth, intelligence, virtue, and happiness, surpass all 
other countries. There is one State that leads all other States 
of this favored country. There is in this State one City that 
surpasses other cities in wealth and splendor. In this favored 
City is one avenue that surpasses other avenues. In this avenue 
is a spot more elevated — more beautiful — crowded with more 
splendid houses than any other avenue. From this spot may be 
seen a landscape that cannot be surpassed. Here may be seen, 
at the same moment, both the North and East Rivers. Here 
is the Croton Reservoir. From this spot, as from the heart, 
shall flow through every artery a current of life — health 
and temperance — forever. The founders of this crystal foun- 
tain should be remembered as long as its blessings are enjoyed. 
Around this fountain are placed flowers that perfume the air. 
Is not this spot the Temple where all would offer thanks for bless- 
ings that rich and poor equally enjoy ? AVill not the living beau- 
ty, the " more than marble Venuses," here find their most loved 
promenade! Will not youth, and age, and "taste refined," here 
linger to exchange looks and thoughts, that hope — and happi- 
ness — and Heaven suggest ? May we not hope that here, the 
intellectual — the virtuous — the wealthy will often meet to 
exchange the nod of recognition, and under Heaven's canopy, 
offer thanks that so much is given us ? Is not this the apex of 
the greatest country of the greatest age ? In what other country 
is there a Fifth avenue ? In what other country is there a Mur- 
ray Hill ? From the top of Mr. Higgins' block, erected by Mr. 
George Higgins, may be seen more splendid houses than from 
any other in this wealthy city — any other in the Union. In 
one direction is seen Union Square. In the opposite direction 
is the Central Park. This Park will be unequaled in the world. 

Can this view fail to fill the heart of sensibility with delight ? 
Mr. Davis was the architect of Mr. Higgins' Square ; should we 
Bot thank him for giving us a design that has originality, taste, 
and beauty, to recommend it ? New York City, and the cities 
around it, will, in this century, be the abode of 2,000,000 of 
souls. Will not " The Wealth of the World" secure a '' Palace," 
while a house or a lot remains ? Every unoccupied lot will 
double its value in five years. 

We give our readers the names of the residents in the Fifth 
avenue, and in succeeding numbers we shall give the names of 
the residents of the most wealthy streets of the city. These re- 
sidents may be estimated to represent fortunes from half a mil- 
lion to ten millions of dollars. The blanks are churches or un- 



WEALTH OF THE "WORLD. 



115 



occupied lots ; two or three lots 
person. 

No. 

3. W. Oothout. 

5. W. Vanhook. 

6. Lispenard Stewart. 

7. Vandervoort. 

8. Jolin T. Johnson. 

9. A.Clark. 

10. T. Egleston. 

11. A. Clark. 

12. O. Slate. 

13. A. Clark. 

14. A. Barber. 

15. N. Carpenter. 

16. S. Draper. 

17. H. Hopkms. 
19. S. C. Herring. 
21. J. Rehwick, Jr. 
23. J. P. Marsh. 
25. G. Morris. 
27. Dr. Potts. 
29. R. Varick. 

31. J. Marsh. 

32. A. ShifF. 

33. T. G. Woodi'uff. 
37. F. Cottinet. 

39. G. N. Miller. 

40. J. A. C. Gray. 

41. ]\Irs. Kennedy. 

42. E. H. Dixon. 

43. J. Wurts. 

44. H. R. Remsen. 

46, A. B. Belknap. 

47. D. E. Hawley. 
49. J. S. Rogers. 
51. Eli White. 
53. J. Lenox. 
55. E. S. Maitland. 
57. J. Donaldson. 

59. W. H. Osbom. 

60. R. B. Mintum. 

61. J. Lenox. 

62. C. T. Abbott. 

63. C. A. Hecksher. 



are sometimes occupied by one 

No. 

64. Coles Morris. 

65. Japhet Bishop. 

66. Dr. G. S. Bedford. 
68. T. R. Foster. 

70. J. McBride. 

71. R. K. Slaight. 

72. Mrs. Banks. 

73. D. B. Fearing. 

74. H. N. Wright, 

75. J. H. Coster. 

76. P. A. Hargous. 

77. H. F. Coster. 

78. J. E. Cooley. 

79. George Opdike. 

80. B. Amar, 

81. V. Brooks. 

82. M. Van Schaick, 

83. D. Parish. 

85. IMrs. C. L. Spencer. 

86. P. VanValkenburgh. 

87. T. H. Faile. 

88. W. M. Halstead. 

89. J. IMcCall. 

90. A. H. Isham. 

91. G. Griswold, jr. 

92. G. W. Pratt. 

93. E. W, Stoughton. 

94. E. I-Io}i:, 

95. H, E. Davies. 

96. C. M. Parker, 

97. E. Delafield. 

98. A. Vail. 

99. R. L. Kennedy. 

100. F. C. Gibhard. 

101. E. Matthews. 

102. S. C. Hewing. 

103. E. Pierpont. 

104. J. Corse. 

105. J. W. ^Vhitney. 
108. P. Hayden, 

107. 11. O. Roberts. 

108. A. Jones. 



116 



WEALTH OP THE "SVORLD. 



No. 




No 




109 


A. Belmont. 


166. 


A. A. Lowerre. 


110 


R. M. Gibbes. 


168. 


P. M. Martin. 


111 


J. K. Ilerrick. 


170. 


W. Sherman. 


112 


T. S. Gibbes. 


172. 


C. S. Douglass. 


114. 


A. C. Kingsland. 


174. 


W. F. Cooledge. 


116 


D. C. Kingsland. 


182. 


M. Pepoon. 


118. 


G* Lewis. 


184. 


W. H. Peckham. 


119 


G. W. Turner. 


186. 


Paron Stevens. 


120. 


E. Townsend. 


194. 


D. M. Stephenson. 


121. 


J. Eandall. 


196. 


A. Mellen. 


122. 


M. Taylor. 


198. 


S. Perry. 


123. 


S. Holmes. 


200. 


S. M. Mead. 


124. 


W. B. Moifat. 


202. 


S. V. Hoffman. 


125. 


J. R. Chilton. 


207. 


Dr. Hull. 


126. 


C. A. Smith. 


208. 


U. H. Wolfe. 


127. 


J. B. Murray. 


209. 


J. F. Ludlow. 


128. 


G. W. Burnham. 


210. 


A. Wycoff. 


129. 


P. Townsend. 


211. 


F. E. Siffkins. 


130. 


S. Mason. 


212. 


D. Higgins. 


131. 


J. Ridley. 


213. 


C. A. Whitney. 


132. 


S. Mason. 


214. 


J. C. Baldwin. 


133. 


R. Williamson. 


215. 


J. M. Fiske. 


134. 


H. Beadle. 


216. 


W. M. Clark. 


135. 


C. R. Green. 


217. 


T. U. Smith. 


136. 


J. J. Cisco. 


218. 


R. E. Livingston. 


137. 


E. S. Pliggins. 


219. 


J. Barrow. 


138. 


J. F. A. Sanford. 


220. 


J. T. Bradley. 


139. 


L. Andrev/s. 


221. 


T. G. deTejada. 


141. 


R. L. Cutting. 


222. 


T. Putnam. 


142. 


V. Barcalou. 


223. 


C. K. Patton. 


143. 


W. M. Benjamin. 


224. 


J. Harper. 


144. 


I. Meeker. 


225. 


A. Colville. 


146. 


J. Walker. 


226. 


S. W. Southack. 


147. 


B. Johnson. 


227. 


J. H. Mulford. 


148. 


D. E. Wheeler, 


228. 


J. S. Codington. 


149. 


B. Johnson. 


229. 


L. M. Barton. 


150. 


D. Steward, jr. 


230. 


Dr. J. C. Cheeseman 


152. 


J. Steward, jr. 


231. 


R. S. Stone. 


154. 


R. L. Stuart. 


232. 


J. Slade. 


155. 


W. L. Cutting. 


233. 


W. B. Duncan. 


156. 


R. L. Stuart. 


234. 


C. Gilbert. 


160. 


Union Club. 


235. 


Mrs. Brundige. 


162. 


H. Andrew. 


236. 


J. Q. Jones. 


164. 


M. Ward. 


237. 


G. Moke. 



AVEALTH OF THE WOULD. 



117 



No. 

238. Jasper Grosvenor. 

239. J. AV. Ashmead. 

240. J. Pettigrew. 

241. R. H. HaA\i;liorne. 

243. G. Law. 

244. J. I-I. Harbeck. 

245. A. B. Turner. 

246. E. C. Clarke. 

247. O. H. Jones. 

248. J. Mortimer, jr. 

249. W. F. Gary. 
251. G. B. Ironside. 
253. R. C. Goodhue. 
255, J. F. Delaplaine. 
257. P. L. Foulke. 

259. M. A. Kauftman. 

260. Dr. M. D. Vandoren. 

261. A. T. Hicks. 

262. W. P. Jones. 

263. W. C. Noyes. 

264. E. Villaman. 

265. S. Thompson. 

266. C. Eogers. 

267. J. Hustace. 

268. W. W. Deforest. 

269. J. Walker, jr. 

270. Dr. G. A. Peters. 

271. G. Brooks. 

272. C. J. CoggiU. 

273. J. E. Forbes. 

274. 6. AVTiitney. 

275. E. Macumber. 

276. W. Fanning. 

277. S. Hyatt. 

278. I. C. Delaplaine. 

279. C. I. Coutan. 

280. Mrs. Clarkson. 

281. A. Norrie. 

282. F. Barreda. 

283. C. H. Dabney. 

284. S. Beach. 

285. J. Grafton, jr. 

286. M. ,A. Cushman. 

287. W. A. Harbeck. 



No. 

288. A. Civille. 

289. L. G. B. Camnon. 

290. B. W, Morrison. 

291. N. Murdock. 

292. F. W. Lasack. 

293. Mrs. Symes. 

295. S. F. B. Morse. 

296. E. Davidson. 

298. T. Rigney. 

299. "W. I. Schenck. 

300. H. W. Warner. 

301. A. Ackerson. 

302. J. Flannegan. 

304. W. Tracey. 

305. C. Barnard. 
311. J. Thompson. 
313. Wenman. 

317. C. S. Andrews. 
319. C. W. Cotheal. 
325. Ludlum. 
333. A. G. King. 

338. R. H. Brown. 

339. James Brooks. 

340. Dr. Abbott. 

341. D. Winn. 

342. J. Caswell. 

343. G. N. Britton. 
345. A. A. Mott. 
347. G. Norrie. 

350. D. H. Arnold. 

351. JohnYannest. 

352. John Jay. 

353. E. M. Swartz. 

354. C. King. 

355. J. O'Brien. 

357. J. C. Zimmerman. 

358. J. Albert. 

359. J. M. Wooley. 

360. J. C. Sanford. 

361. S. Richardson. - 

362. Hendricks. 

364. J. C. Stone. 

365. W. C. Noyes. 

366. M. M. Hendricks. 



118 WEALTH OF THF WOKLD. 



367. L. M. HofFman. 

368. F. Draper. 

369. H. E. Anderson. 

373. J. Henry. 

374. Hendricks. 

375. W. R. Martin. 

376. Vanvleek. 

377. W. A. Whitbeck. 

378. Vanvleek. 

379. Canfield. 
381. J. S. Agreda. 
383. Rev. S. A. Corey. 



No. 

384. Vanvleek. 

385. A. Voorhees. 
"W. Spinney. 

J. H. Barton. 
Gr. W. Pell. 
John Halley. 
W. Winchester. 
W. R. Martin. 
A. W. Canfield. 
J. B. Purroy. 
401. D. Banks. 
420 — Smith- 



There is published in Boston, annually, a book containing the 
name of every person who pays a tax. The expense of this 
work is paid by the City, and the book is distributed without 
charge. Unlike New York, every merchant there pays his own 
tax ; the Corporations give the names of stockholders to the 
Assessors ; but do not pay the tax and charge it to the stock- 
holders, as we do in New York. One of these books now lies 
before us, and we regret that we have not a similar one for this 
City. 

In England on the first day of January, every tax-payer carries 
with him to the Notary, an exact account in detail, of all his 
property. This he swears is correct, and then leaves it with the 
Assessoi'S. The book in which these are recorded is published. 

This is the only correct system of taxation. The Boston 
system is better than ours, for the reason that A can tell the tax 
paid by B & C, and compare the tax with the wealth of the 
respective parties. With us, real estate pays a tax on a little 
more than half its value. Incorporated stock pays at the bank. 
Merchandise, worth untold millions, pays nothing. Mortgages 
according to the theori/ of our laws, are taxable ; but the j^ractice is 
to escape if you can ; and you can do it if you manage, and are 
not too conscientious. We think there is another error in our 
laws. Mr. A B is worth $1,000,000, and the whole is invested 
in undoubted mortgages, and he pays about two per cent, or 
$20,000. Thinking all his neighbors manage, he decides to 
remove — out of the Union — and he goes to a place called New 
Jersey ; or to Babylon, or to Jerusalem ; he then pays New York 
City — nothing at all! Is this morally correct ? We have another 
fault to find. B C is a mechanic of enterprise, aged twenty-one 



^vt;alth of the world. 119 

years, worth just — nothing at all. In August he purchases of D. 
E, ten lots of land, and hastily erects ten houses. 

These houses cost him one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, 
and he obtains on mortgage, of F G, one hundred thousand 
dollars. The assessors value these houses, the first of May, at 
one hundred thousand dollars, and B C,,the poor mechanic, pays 
two per cent., or two thousand dollars. The holder of the mort- 
gage pays nothing — probably — for the reason that the mechanic 
is never asked whether the houses are mortgaged. If Dudley 
Gregory, who resides at Jersey City, holds ten of these mort- 
gages, of one hundred thousand dollars each, he is legally exempt 
from any tax in New York. If every person were required to 
pay a tax on his ivhole property, the valuation would he double 
the present amount ; and, as a necessary consequence, the tax 
would be only one half the present rate, or one per cent, m 
place of two per cent. The gi-eat objection to our system is, 
that imder it all try to evade some part of the tax that they 
really ought to pay. One man in the city, and one only, pays a 
personal tax on one million dollars. He is too conscientious to 
ask for a deduction. Another man, who was taxed on one mil- 
lion dollars, would not swear it, but he talked it down one half, 
Mr. J. W. Allen is the most competent man that ever presided 
over the Tax Ofiice ; but he is not accountable for the errors of 
our tax laws. In 1857, the value of the real estate of this 
city was three hundred and fifty-two millions of dollars ; and at 
this time it is probably over four huiKlred and fifty millions of 
dollars. We will suppose one hundred and fifty millions of 
dollars in mortgages, are now claimed by residents and non-resi- 
dents. One half, or seventy-five millions of dollars, escape taxa- 
tion. Suppose a law should be made of such a nature, that the 
holders of these one hundred and fifty millions of dollars should 
find it for their interest to purchase the identical property on 
which they now hold mortgages. The real " Wealth of the 
World " would then pay one million five hundred thousand dol- 
lars that they now do not pay, this being the tax on seventy-five 
millions of dollars. Owners and holders of mortgages should 

be taxed for their proportionable parts of this vast interest we 

think. 

We shall in this, and in succeeding numbers, give the names 
of every person who pays a tax on one hundred thousand dol- 
lars, and over. AYe think our 'readers will rise from its perusal 
with surprise : we are sure we did. We copy from Boyd's 
printed Tax-List for 1857, the only one ever printed in this city. 



120 



ArEALTH OF THE WORLD. 



W. B. Astor $4,000,000 

P. Lorillard 1,600,000 

S. Whitney 1,400,000 

J.Lenox 1,339,000 

A. T. Stewart 1,089,000 

J. D. Wolfe 933,000 

James Brown 800,000 

C.V. S. Roosevelt. 800,000 

C. Vanderbilt 697,000 

J. Lafarge 666,000 

P. Goelet 650,000 

Goelefs Brother . . . 650,000 

E. Keteltas 600,000 

A. R. Eno 583,000 

H. Barclay 572,000 

A. G. Phelps 562,000 

J. Boorman 522,000 

Moses Taylor 519,000 

Hendricks 500,000 

W. C. Khinelander 500,000 

C. Palmer 475,000 

G. Rapelye (E.)... 455,000 

B. M. Whitlock. . . 455,000 

S. Suarez 455,000 

H. Parish 453,000 

Thomas SufFern. . . 440,000 

GooldHoyt (E.).. 439,000 

Herman Thorn... 422,000 

James I. Jones .... 420,000 

A. Watts 405,000 

Hendricks . . . • 400,000 

N. Low(E.) 385,000 

W. P. Furness.... 381,000 

J. D. Wendel 370,000 

N. G. Kortright... 364,000 

H. Young 361,000 

G. Griswold 360,000 

W. Ross(E.) 351,000 

James Chesterman. 325,000 

R. L. Stewart 329,000 

G. Bruce 325,000 

R. L. Lord 325,000 

W. B. Post 325,000 

C. Mildeberger 324,000 

J. Thorn 323,000 



H. Fisk $ 323,000 

A. W. Ward 320,000 

E. White 317,000 

A. Stewart ... 316,000 

G. Stuyvesant 316,000 

J. H. Contoit 310,000 

J. G. Costar 305,000 

R. French 304,000 

Bradish Johnson.. 300,000 

J. Anderson 300,000 

H. W. Field 300,000 

Hendricks 300,000 

Thos. Gardner 300,000 

Mathew Morgan.. 300,000 
Philip Burrows... 296,000 
Mr. Burrows left the country 
without paying one dollar, and 
has resided for ^wo years in 
Europe. By the recent death 
of his brother, who was the 
partner of A. T. Stewart, the 
wife and children of P. B. re- 
ceived $350,000. 
Richard F. Carman $298,000 
J. & J. W Weeks. 294,000 
W. B. Moflfat. 290,000 

D. S. Miller 283,000 

O. Schermerhorn . . 285,000 

E. Parmley 276,000 

Spingler (E.)..... 269,000 
S. P. Townsend. . . 269,000 

R.W. Lowber 269,000 

Mrs. C. J. Spencer. 263,000 
W. Rhinelander(E.) 264,000 

D. Banks 264,000 

J. DeWolf . 261,000 

S. B. Munn(E.).. 259,000 

Geo. Law, 258,000 

Jacob Cram, 258,000 

L L Janeway, ...... 256,000 

A. Philips, jr.,. 254,000 

G.Tucker, 254,000 

Howell Hoppock, ... 250,000 

T. A. Emmet 248,000 

W. H. Aspinwall, . . . 248,000 



iiii ill iivs iiiiei » 

Established 1840. . 

H. DEXTER & COMPAl^Y, 

t 

113 ISTassau Street, ISTeMr-York, 

(Successors to Dexter & Brother.) 



We. would most respectfully call the attention of Booksellers 
and News Agents to our unequalled facilities for Packing and 
forwarding all Books, Magazines and Newspapers, published either 
in this country or Europe, to all parts of the United States and 
the Canadas. Our long experience in the business enables us to 
warrant entire satisfaction to those who may favor us with their 
patronage. Having recently fitted up our new and spacious store, 
113 Nassau Street, we possess increased facilities for supplying 
all who may choose to patronize us. Remember, we forward all 
Publications, either foreign or domestic, at the Publishers' 

LOWEST WHOLESALE PRICES. 

We buy and sell for CASH, which enables us to give larger mar- 
gins to the retailer than any other house in the United States. 

We send Price Lists free by mail, on application. Address, 

H. DEXTER & CO., 
113 Nassau Street, New- York. 



HUNT, VOSE & GO. 



No, 75 Murray Street, 



IMPORTERS OF 





^11 1 







ADAPTED TO THE 



AND 



JOBBINa TRADE 



FOR 



The iong-establislied Yard of 

H. G. SILLECK 



IS IN 



©IXXH AVE^^ 

The Coal sold in this Yard is all 
warranted to be as good and as 
cheap as at any yard in the City, 

H, G. SILLECK, 

6tli Ave.and 37tli St, 



JOHN BOYLE, 



I would most respectfully call the attention of 

BOOESELLERS AND NEWS AGENTS 

to my unequalled facilities for Packing and For- 
warding all 

Published either in this Country or Europe, to all 
parts of the United States and the Canadas. 

My long experience in the business enables me to 
warrant entire satisfaction to those who may favor 
me with their patronage. 

I possess increased facilities for supplying all who 
may choose to patronize me. Remember^ I forward 
all I®iil>lflcati©ll§5 either Foreign or Domestic, 
at the Publishers' lowest wholesale prices. I buy 
and sell for CASH, which enables me to give 
larger margins to the retailer than any other house 
in the United States. 

I send Price Lists free by mail, on application. 

Address 

JOnif BOITLE, 

3Srew-York City. 




Worth from 50 cents to $200 each, consisting of Gold and Sdver Watches 
OoTd Lockets Gold Chains. Cameo Pins and Drops, Go d Bracelets Gold 
Pencils Sewing Birds, in short, Jewelry of every description. Reticules 
Ladies'' Purses PortelMonnaies, &c. $250 worth of Gifts, valued at the 
rpo-nlar retail prices, distributed with every 500 books. 

AGf wm be delivered with every book sold for one dollar or more 
Although BO book will be sold for more than the usual retail P"-, m ny 
1 11 Kp .old for less Persons wishing any particular book can ordei it at 

48 cents. ^j^^^je^^jjei^tS TO CI.UBS ANB A«ENTS. 

A BOOK AND GIFT WrTHOUT MONEY. 

F„llioforma.i„„,e,pect,.|th;. Grea Gift En U.pu.e. ^g^ ^^^ 
comp ete List of Books and Gilts will oe " Address, 

whic-h is sent, post-paid, to an, .""g^'-^^t AgU ' 

No. -429 Broadway, New-Yoek. 



PA.TElSrT 

iiffi piiiii i 

MANUFACTURED BY 

SAMUEL C. BISHOP, 

NEW-YORK, 
UJSTDER THE ONLY PATENTS ISSUED IN THIS COUNTRY. 



"? ^' 



Plumbers, Pump Dealers, Real Estate Oioners and Tenants are 

invited to examine for themselves, and ascertain 

the merits of Gutta Percha Pipe. 



The injurious effects on health, resulting from the use of water which 
passed through lead and copper pipes, and the rapid rusting of iron pipe, 
has for a long time rendered it highly desirable to obtain some material 
for water pipes that would combine at once the requisite strength, freedom 
from poisonous salts, and economy. Gutta Percha Pipe has now been in 
use for this purpose eight years in this country, and two or three years 
longer in England ; and experience proves that (when properly made of 
pure material) it is not acted on by strong fluoric and muriatic, or dilute 
nitric and sulphuric acids, soda water, cider or alkalies — agencies which 
are most active in destroying pipes in common use. It is stronger than 
lead or cast iron ; is sixteen times lighter than lead, consequently is cheapei? 
to transport and handle; it is cheaper to work and lay in the ground than 
any other pipe ; will stand frost better than any other material ; the bore 
is so smooth that it will discharge more water than any other pipe. But 
what is of the first and greatest importance, it imparts no poison to the 
water that passes through it. The numerous cases that have occurred in 
the last twenty years, of disease and death from lead poison, have awakened 
a very general attention to this subject. 

The American Institute awarded a GOLD MEDAL, and the Massachu- 
setts Charitable Mechanics' Association, a SILVER MEDAL for this Pipe. 

Many thousands of Pipes have been sold during the last eight years, 
and notwithstanding the want of skill and experience which attend all 
new manufactures, it is believed that not more than one per cent, of the 
whole have failed to give entire satisfaction. 



ETECTER. 



R-NOTE mnM\\ 



r MONEY, 




.>'h. 






^jMi 







' EVERY GENUINE ^8, 1859. 

ADAS. 

a for a Bank 

^ -r^T-r^ ^■^■^■r^^ of Photo-litho- 
r-FIVE CENTS 



y bank in the United States 
ely made up my mind that 
a fraudulent currency can 
\ld recommend it to the 
!ss men who are in the 
incy of the country, as 
against the circulation 

Tours, truly, 

ISAAC CAEEY. 



EAEING HOUSE, ) 
March 18, 1859. J 

3ur Prospectus, and tbe 
ic-similes in miniature 



expressing to you my 
11 propose is faithfully 
dmple and sure means 
bank notes than any 
iblic use. 
^ctfully yours, 
ENRY B. GEOVES 



OE'S OFFICE, I 

)N, March 22, 1859. j 
Lon above expressed by 
[ARLES WHITE. 

Bank Department, Mass. 



121 

0,000 

0,000 

0,000 

9,000 

9,000 

9,000 

9,000 

8,000 

7,000 

5,000 

■5,000 

'5,000 

^5,000 

r2,ooo 

)9,000 

34,000 

34,000 

34,000 

34,000 

34,000 

34,000 

64,000 

64,000 

64,000 

64,000 

62,000 

60,000 

58,000 

52,000 

50,000 

50,000 

45,000 

.45,000 

L40,000 

140,000 

.39,000 

139,000 

139,000 

139,000 

164,000 

162,000 

162,000 

160, 

156,000 

156,000 



THE EUREKA COUNTERFEIT DETECTER. 



PROSPECTUS Ol^- 



HEWET'S EmiClOPEDIA OF MERICM DlM-NOTE CPMENCi: 

AN INFALLIBLE DETEOTER OF FEAUDUl.ENT MONEY 



k 




sv.-JJ'^;^ *^^''^ •'^S^'^i five; ) ^ 

■Y PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHIO FAO-SIMILES IN MINIATURE, OF EVERY GENUINE ' 
NOTE IN THE UNITED STATES AND C -ANADAS. 



TO BE ISSUED IN WEEKLY NUMBERS AT TWTEI rTY-FTVE CENTS 



We beo- to call your atteii4on to She acGompanydng specimen of the above work, the 
First Numbeii of ^vhich is no^oUn press, and will shortly be issued. We believe this work 
will supply a lon'-T sought-for cUsidemtiim, and that by its own merits it must become tlie 
necessity of eve,:y°BANK, Bankkp, ,and fecBivER^of paper ™;"^gi" ^.r^'JIcmiACY WITH 

That a Ba-nk-Note Detecter, combining as this does PERFECr ACOUKAOX W lin 
INFALLIBILITY has become |a great public necessity, is sufficiently proven by the enormous 
losses daily inflicted upon the cdmmunity by the circalation of SptmioxTS, Axtebed, and Cou>- 

TEKFEiT Notes. ' , <. „ -i i 

No p^ritten or printed descrvption of Bank Notes, no matter how caxefully compiled, cnn 

Qxcr \)Qm2.diQM\ infallible and iKrfect protector. 

CouNTEEFEiTiNG-that is, the! manufacture for fraudulent purposes ol facsimiles ot rjenuine 
BaM iVofes-has never been tjie source of any very aggravated loss to the public, nor rs 
it ever Ukely to be, because tU talent required to engrave facsimiles of genuine Notes siit- 
ficiently weU to deceive the publilj at large finds more lucrative and honorable employment in 
the legitimate trade of engraving. But the public has always been an enormous sufrei;er by 
spurious and altered Banic RotA, which circulate in a ratio of at least several thousand dollais 
to one dollar of real counteifeits. 

These s»z«-ioMs and altered Motes are generally the issues of exploded ^nd broken Banks 
which beino- ori-iually executed !by a regular bank-note engraving firm for an originally solvent 
bank of course compare in point of workmanship, etc., with issues of solvent banks generally. 
The circulation of the eiploded iJanks is ^-cry frequently obtained after failure by dis7ionest par- 
ties who at once make it their basiness to erase the title and location of the broken bank, and 
cither by pasting or re2:>rintiny i\i the title of some bank in good credit, and altering the location ■ 
to correspond, succeed in foisting- these altered Notes upon the public as good money, becai 

the general character of THij WORK HAS A GENUINE APPEARANCE. • . 

Another great source of los^ to the public is the facility with which the issues of solve 
banks have heretofore been ral^ed in penominational vALUE-One-dollar Notes being raise 
to Ten-doUar Notes, and so on! by entirely removing the small denominational counters, an. 
prmtino- iu their place larger ones, or by pasting over the small denomination a larger one on 
very thin paper, so as not visMy to affect the average thickness of the paper upon which the 
rest of the note is printed. \ 

StiU another source of loss is found in the enterprise of Counterfeiters, properly so 
CALLED As soon as a successfuli counterfeit is noticed in the weekly Reporters, and by the luu 
and cry raised, the public cautioned against it, the counterfeiter changes the title aud locatior 
on his counterfeit plate to Xh^i o? some other solvent bank,^nA perpetrates fmor/ffiM-oMery Q,_ 
the public before they are again . varncd against it ; and this continues ad_ infm dm„._ _ 

The SECURITY afforded b',- our DETECTER hes in the tact that m the entire circu ation 

f paper money on this continent, there are no two notes exactly a?*X-c-either the style of letter 

^d in the title is different, the vignettes, portraits, or counters vary, or the denominatioiv. 

tion, etc., are dissimilar, ^tith :, facsimM of e^■cry genuine note before him, we beheve 

verson is safe in receimng\papeT money, so far as mere genuineness of its issue is concern 

-lieve the work Avill add' greatly to the circulation of paper money, because it will m 

ce in its genuineness, while heretofore such circulation has been greatly curtaded for 

nich confidence. 



vk will be issued in -w 
•e and character as 



eekly numbers, each number contaiuuig about 150/ac-sM?i 
those upon the specimen sheet herewith. The whole woi 



MM 



be comprised in about 15 numbers, and about 11,000 facsimiles, and will be completed within 
one year from the date of the first number by a more rapid issilie near its coiniiletion. 

It is thought that a WEEKLY ISSUE will FAMILIARIJZE the public with the Notes as 
rapidly as can be done ; and in view of the ENORMOUS EXPENSE of publication, and the 
great ADVANTAGE of the work to the public, we look for a ijarge list of ADVANCE CASH 
SUBSCRIPTIONS ; especially, we hope every Bank, whose \ interests our Publication must 
2?romote, will at once send in the advance pi-ice of fifteen dollars. 

The price of the weekly numbers will be 25c. each. Annual subscribers, by prepayment ot 
_ $15.00 in current funds, can have the weekly numbers mailed to them, postage free. All remit- 
tances may be made at our risk. Postage stamps not received in payment. 

Address HEWET &, CO., New York, \ 

No. S DuKCAN, Sherman & Co.'s Building, 9 Nassau-street, corner of Pine's^ 

H. W. Hbwex, N 

William Cousland, I Late of Bald, Cousland & Co., _ \ 

Fked. E. Bliss, j BantNote Engravers. ' 

New Yobk, March 1st, 1859. 



The following Recommendations from persons occupying important financial relations to the public are 
selected from a vast quantity of like tenor received hj us: 



From the American Bank Note Co., composed of the 
old engraving firms of Eawdon, Wright, Hatch & Edsou ; 
Toppan, Carpenter & Co. ; Danforth, Wright & Co. ; Bald, 
Cousland & Co. ; Jocelyn, Draper, Welsh & Co. ; AV ell- 
stood, Hay & Whiting ; New England Bank Note Co. ; and 
John B. Gavit. 

OFFICE OF THE AMERICAN BANK NOTE Co., I 
Nett Yokk, Fehniary 10, 1859. f 

srs. Hewet & Co., New York : 

1 have examined the specimens of your '■ Encyclopoodia 

i' American Bank Note Currency and Dctecter." In my 

opinion it offers to the public the best means of detecting 

spurious and altered bank notes, and I cordially recom- 

iend it to the patronage of the community. 

Yours, truly, CHAS. TOPPAN, 

President American Bank Note Co. 

STATE OF NEW YORK, ) 
Bank Depaetme.nt, ) 

Albany, Jan. 21, 1859. 
,"ET & Co. , New York : 
— I have examined some specimens of Pho- 
"o fao-similes of bank-notes, calculated to 
■■■ork to detect altered and spurious notes, 



executed by you. I have no doubt of the utility of a 
detecter of this description, and that it will be of great 
use to the public, if carried into eifect as you have 
explained It to me. Yours, truly, 

JAS. M. COOK, Superintendent. 

METROPOLITAN BANK, ) 
No. 108 Broadwat, ) 
New York, Jan. 12, 1859. 
Messrs. Hewet & Co. : 

Gentlemen — I have examined your plan for a Bank 
Note Detecter and Delineator, by means of Photo-litho- 
graphic fac-similes of the genuine bank notes in circula- 
tion here. 

I believe such a publication will better enable the pub- 
lic to detect spurious and altered notes than any I kno' 
of, and I hope you will at once commence its issue. 
Respectfully yours, H. L. JAQUES, Vicc-prsside- 

STATE OF WISCONSIN, ' 
Bank Departjient, 
Madison, Jan. 
Messrs. Hewet & Co. , New York : 

Gentlemen — I have examined your pla 
Note Detecter and Delineator, by means 



graphic fac-similes, in miaiature, of every genuine bank 
note in circulation, and you have my warmest wishes for 
success in your nndertalcing, believing that its consum- 
mation will be a great public benefit. 

I have never seen any plan that promised so perfect 
a protection agaivist losses as your work. In fact, I do 
not well see tiow any more perfect safeguard could be 
devised. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

J. C. SQUIRES, Bank Comptroller. 

NEW YOEK CLEARING HOUSE, ) 
New yoRK, Feb. 10, 1859. j 
Messrs. Hewbti & Co. ; 

Gentlemen — 1 have examined your plan for the detec- 
tion of spurious and altered notes, by the publication of 
Photo-lithographic fac-similes of the genuine bank notes 
in circulation. I consider it to be decidedly the most 
effectual method yet proposed for the detection of altered 
or spurious paper money, rendering the detection of such 
frauds boti) simple and certain. 

Respectfully yours, 

GEORGE D. LYMAN. 

UUANCH OFFICE OF AMEIl. BANK CO. ) 
39 State-street, Boston, Mass. > 
March 16, 1859. ) 

Messrs. H bwei & Co. : 

Gentlemen — Upon a careful examination of your novel 
Fao-siraile Coimterfeit Bank-Note Det(!ctor, which is to 
compiise fac-similes of all the various denominations of 



paper money issued by evei'y bank in the United States 
and Canada, I have deliberately made up my mind that 
it is the only method by which a fraudulent currency can 
be detected ; and therefore would recommend it to ths 
patronage of the banks and business men who are in the 
constant receipt of the paper currency of the coimtry, as 
the only infallible guard possible against the circulation 
of worthless bank notes. 

Yours, truly! 

ISAAC CAREY. 

BOSTON CLEARING HOUSE, I 
Boston, March 18, 1859. j 
Messrs. Hewet & Co. : 

Gentlemen — I have examined your Prospectus, and the 
specimens of photo-lithographic fac-similes in miniature 
of notes of various banks. 

I feel myself quite justified in expressing to you my 
opinion, that if the plan which you propose is faithfully 
carried out. It will afford a more simple and sure means 
of detecting altered or spurious bank notes than any 
which has ever been ofl:ered for public use. 

I am, gentlemen, respectfully yours, 

HENRY B. GROVES 

AUDITOR'S OFFICE, ) 
Boston, March 22, 1859. j 
I most fully concur in the opinion above expressed by 
Henry B. Groves, Esq. CHARLES WHITE. 

Auditor Bank Department, Mass. 




WEALTH OP THK WORLD. 



121 



H. D. Aldrich, $243,000 

S. Norswovthv, 243,000 

C. & TJ. J. Smith,.. 242,000 
Mrs. Hoffman, 239,000 

D. M. Teyser, 239,000 

L. M. Kutlierford,. . 237,000 

Isaac Jones, 236,000 

J. Sampson 236,000 

R. Mortimer 236,000 

Pentz & Co 232,000 

James Phalen 231,000 

D. A. Kingsland.. 228,000 

Susan Parish 225,000 

J. Harson 224,000 

F. Marquand 220,000 

B.Blanco 220,000 

John Q. Jones 220,000 

EobertEay 217,000 

J. W. Beekman... 215,000 

Edwin Hoyt 215,000 

D. Appleton & Co. 215,000 

Jacob Leroy 214,000 

W. II. Smith 214,000 

A. & E. S. Higgins 214,000 

Wm. Douglass 213,000 

Lambert Suydam . . 2 10,000 

J. B. Delaplaine . . . 202,000 

B. R Winthrop... 202,000 
W. A. Spencer. . . 200,000 

John Johnton 200,000 

Benj. Stevens 200,000 

Benj. Loder 200,000 

Isaac Burr 200,000 

B. L. Swan 200,000 

A. Vannest 200,000 

Suydam 198,000 

^ooper 198,000 

Gemmel... 193,000 

'"oodi-uff. . . 194,000 

fc Sherman 194,000 

-..o.^ earing 192,000 

Catharine Oothout.. 190,000 

J. Raymond 181,000 

Robert Hogan 181,000 

C. Wolfe 180,000 



M. Brahurst $180,000 

Allison Post 180,000 

C. Wolf 180,000 

B. Brandreth 179,000 

W. Mott 179,000 

J. W. Talman 179,000 

F. Schuchardt 179,000 

Caleb O.Halsted.. 178,000 

J. C. Hamilton 177,000 

Patrick Dickie 175,000 

H. Parish 175,000 

F. B. Cutting 175,000 

C. F. Moulton 175,000 

H. C. DeEahm... 172,000 

Henry Coggill 169,000 

John Castree 164,000 

C.B.Smith 164,000 

John Taylor 164,000 

Wm. Colgate 164,000 

W.W.Webb 164,000 

Mrs. F. Pearsall.. 164,000 

G. W. Buraham.. 164,000 

C. E. Quincy 164,000 

C. H. MarshaU.... 164,000 

Horace Waldo 164,000 

Alvin Higgins, 162,000 

J.S.Giles 160,000 

N. C. Piatt 158,000 

M. Yan Shaick 152,000 

W. Ogilvie 150,000 

A. Van Renssalaer. 150,000 

Isaac Adriance .... 1 45,000 

Smith W. Anderson 145,000 

S.B.Chittenden.. 140,000 

P. Naylor 140,000 

J. E. Cooley 139,000 

A. Schermerhom . . 139,000 

J.C.Stevens 139,000 

Thos. Cadwallader. 139,000 

T. T. Taylor 164,000 

S. B. Sdiiefflin.... 162,000 

Spofford & Tileston. 162,000 

Solomon & Hart. . . 160, 

W. Mott 156,000 

James Horn 156,000 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



122 



WEALTH OF THE WOELD. 




012 612 388 



Giles Bushnell. . . 
Geo. Folsom .... 

F. Depeau 

M. Cheesbrough. 
R. J. Brown. . . . 
Brooks Brothers . . 
W. H. Carey. . . . 
L. Appleby 

G. F. Cooledge.. 
Jacob Weeks . . . . 
James Fellows. . . 

S. Wray 

J. Palmer 

C. D. Post 

C. A. Coe 

A. Valentine .... 
James Foster .... 
Geo. Douglass . . . 

N. G. Becar , 

John C. Cruger . . 
G. H. Stryker... 
James B. Murray . 
J. Vanderpoel . . . 
Stephen Allen. . . . 

Silas Brown 

Dennis Harris. . . . 
Smith & Dimon, . . 

C. Adams, 

W. V. Brady, 

George Grier, .... 



$155,000 
154,000 
154,000 
153,000 
150,000 
146,000 
143,000 
143,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
139,000 
134,000 
131,000 
131,000 
131,000 
130,000 
130,000 
130,000 
125,000 
125,000 
120,000 
120,000 
119,000 
119,000 



Seabury Brewster,.. 118,000 

0. Blunt, 116,000 

Mrs. G. F. Hoffman, 1 16,000 

Peter Gilsey, 115,000 

Wm. Niblo, 115,000 

W. E. Burton, 1 14,000 

W. Steward, 114,000 

W. S. Wetmore,.... 114,000 

Laura Delano, 114,000 

E. H. Coburn, 1 14,000 

N. CoggsweU, 114,000 

James Suydam, .... 114,000 

Bird & GillUan,. . . . 114,000 

W, A. Coit, 114,000 

Andrew Carrigan, . . 1 14,000 

W. A. Foreborn, ... 1 14,000 

1. T Gilford, 111,000 

W. Gale, 110,000 

Jacob Brower...... 108,000 

A. Cleveland, 107,000 

W. Bowne, ^-» 106,000 

H.Leroy, 106,000 

A. B. & D. Sands, . . 106,000 

H.Douglass, 105,000 

P.B.&P.A.Hegeman 104,000 

Henry Gary, 104,000 

D.M.Edgar, 103,000 

Dwier & Baker, .... 100,000 

Maria J. Carroll, . . . 100,OOo 



American Bank-Note Co., and Messrs. Hewet & Co. $2,000,000 
"We hazard nothing in saying that the work now issuing from 
the office of Messrs. Hewit & Co,, is the most valuable bank- 
note guide for merchants ever published. No person can take 
an altered or a counterfeit bill, if he has this work in his offip 
[See advertisement in this edition.] ,,«a 

We will give in our next edition, the names of the Ft/ 
of our Banks, all of whom are very wealthy — i'^. 
$3,000,000 — all are respected for their eminent tu.... -„„,.^' 

great integrity. 

Edition B, of the Wealth of the World, will be ready in a few 
days, and will contain a large addition of names and sketches. 



I' 2f. NOv. 1 -ns. i| 



ym 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



012 612 388 7 



Hollinger Corp. 
pH8.5 



